The effect of carbon dioxide on the sensitivity of<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>to certain antibiotics<i>in vitro</i>

Ingham, H. R.; Selkon, J. B.; Codd, A. A.; Hale, J. H.

doi:10.1136/jcp.23.3.254

Cited by 71 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The lowest concentration in any patient was 1.9,ug/ml. These serum concentrations are similar to those previously reported (7) and are in excess of the minimal inhibitory concentration (1.6 ug/ml) for 90 to 100% of most pathogenic anaerobes, including B. fragilis (1,3,13,14,17).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Lack of clinical response of intra-abdominal infections associated with persistence of anaerobes sensitive in vitro to the antibiotics being used has been noted with tetracycline (12), penicillin (2,4), and chloramphenicol (12,13 (16), antibiotics usually are required in the treatment of anaerobic infections, especially when bacteremia is present. For example, the mortality rate in bacteroides sepsis has declined from 83% (11) in the preantibiotic era to 20 to 40% (10,11,15,21) at this time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clindamycin and chloramphenicol (1,3,13,14,17) have excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against most strains of anaerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis. However, chloramphenicol is toxic for the hematopoietic tissues, especially with the doses and duration of therapy required for severe anaerobic bacterial infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections with Clindamycin-2-Phosphate

Levison¹,

Bran²,

Ries³

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Thirty-five patients with a variety of serious infections caused by anaerobic bacteria responded to clindamycin. Cure was achieved in 27 of the 32 patients with pleuropulmonary and intra-abdominal infections. Mean serum concentrations of clindamycin for the 8 h after intramuscular administration of clindamycin in these patients were at least 2.5 times the minimal inhibitory concentration of clindamycin for more than 90% of anaerobes. This experience suggests that clindamycin is an excellent and relatively safe antibiotic for treatment of infection caused by anaerobes when combined with surgery (when indicated) or other antibiotics active against aerobic gram-negative bacilli, if present.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections with Clindamycin-2-Phosphate

Levison¹,

Bran²,

Ries³

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…It has recently been reported (Ingham et al, 1970) that the addition of C02 to the incubation environment has a pronounced effect on the susceptibility of a Gram-negative anaerobe to certain antibiotics in vitro, and can therefore affect the performance and interpretation of disk-sensitivity tests. It could be argued, therefore, that the addition of C02 to anaerobic jars will lead to misleading results and is not justified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Growth of Obligate and Facultative Anaerobes on Solid Media

Watt

1973

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The concentrations of antibiotics used in the broth-disk method were as follows: ampicillin, 4 isg/ml; cephalothin, 6 gg/ml; chloramphenicol, 12 ,og/ml; clindamycin, 1.6 ,g/ml; erythromycin, 3 ug/ ml; penicillin, 2 U/ml; and tetracycline, 6 In general, the results of the broth-disk method were easy to read; almost always the tubes were either clear or cloudy, enabling a clearcut distinction to be made between susceptible or resistant. Some strains of Eubacterium showed only fair growth in the control tube, and in these cases it was difficult to ascertain a marked difference between the control tube and antibiotic tubes.…”

Section: C02-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Modified Broth-Disk Method for Determining Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Anaerobic Bacteria

Blazevic

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A total of 110 strains of anaerobic bacteria including 9 different genera was tested for antibiotic susceptibility by the modified broth-disk method of Wilkins and Thiel (1973), using prereduced media and the VPI anaerobic culture system. Results were compared with those obtained with an agar dilution technique with incubation in a GasPak jar. There was greater than 95% agreement between the two methods with ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin, and 90% or greater agreement with erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline.Routine susceptibility testing of anaerobes has been a problem for clinical laboratories because of the lack of a standardized disk diffusion method that is adequate for use with the anaerobic bacteria which show such wide variations in generation time. In 1973, Wilkins and Thiel (9) published a simple method for determining the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics. Their method is a modified broth dilution technique using only one concentration of antibiotic and commercially available disks as the source of antibiotic. The purpose of the present study was to compare the broth-disk method with the more accepted agar dilution technique in order to evaluate its accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 110 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated in the years 1971 to 1973 from clinical specimens in the Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory of the University of Minnesota Hospitals was used. The strains used included 46 Bacteroides fragilis, 3 Bacteroides melaninogenicus, 7 Bacteroides sp., 8 Bifidobacterium sp., 9 Clostridium perfringens, 7 Clostridium sp., 7 Eubacterium sp., 2 Fusobacterium sp., 1 Lactobacillus sp., 10 Peptococcus sp., 7 Peptostreptococcus sp., and 3 Veillonella sp. All organisms were identified by methods and characteristics defined by Holdeman and Moore (3).All prereduced media used were purchased from Scott Laboratories, Fiskeville, R. I. Culture in prereduced media was carried out by using the VPI anaerobic culture system (Bellco) and oxygen-free C02-The modified broth-disk method was performed as described by Wilkins and Thiel (9). One drop of an overnight culture in prereduced chopped meatglucose broth was used as inoculum for the tests. The antibiotic disks used were obtained from Bioquest.For the agar dilution technique, plates were prepared with brain heart infusion agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K (Scott Laboratories; 1 ml per 100 ml of agar) and containing serial twofold dilutions of each antibiotic. The plates were held overnight at room temperature before inoculation. For the inoculum, a 1:100 dilution in prereduced brain heart infusion broth was made of the same overnight chopped meat-glucose culture used for the broth-disk method. The agar dilution plates were inoculated with the diluted cultures by using the replicator device of Steers et al. (7). Two plates without any antibiotic were also inoculated for a growth control and an aerobic check. The plates were inoculated in room air, and only 20 organisms were replicated at a...

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The effect of carbon dioxide on the sensitivity ofBacteroides fragilisto certain antibioticsin vitro

Abstract: SYNOPSISThe effect of 10% carbon dioxide on the sensitivity to four antibiotics of 10

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Treatment of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections with Clindamycin-2-Phosphate

Treatment of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections with Clindamycin-2-Phosphate

The Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Growth of Obligate and Facultative Anaerobes on Solid Media

Evaluation of the Modified Broth-Disk Method for Determining Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Anaerobic Bacteria

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