The Effect of Carbon Black Type on the Dynamic Properties of Natural Rubber

Abstract

The influence of carbon black type on the dynamic properties of natural rubber is examined for nine carbon blacks, encompassing a wide range of structure and surface area. The dynamic properties are measured at 23° C and 100° C, over a 2 decade range of log frequency, and over a range of 1 to 25 per cent dynamic strain. The effect of carbon black structure and surface area on dynamic properties of a natural rubber compound are dependent on the combination of strain amplitude and frequency test conditions. The effect of carbon black surface area and structure at different temperatures varies on an absolute basis but not necessarily on a relative basis. Correlations of forced non resonant measurements of dynamic properties with dynamic measurements using other instruments confirms the strain amplitude and frequency interaction with carbon black type. Also, the Goodyear-Healy Rebound machine, the Goodrich Flexometer, and the Pirelli Hysteresimeter can be used to estimate basic dynamic properties over limited strain amplitude and frequency conditions. In addition, mixing procedure was found to have a significant effect on the dynamic properties of a natural rubber compound filled with N-327.

Small deformation viscoelastic response of gum and highly filled elastomers

“…In contrast to G', G" was observed to pass through a maximum at low strain levels, although also dependent on filler level, temperature, and frequency. Over narrower ranges of strain amplitudes and with less reinforcing fillers, other workers [3,22,23] have found linearly decreasing log-log curves as amplitude decreased, dependent on filler and elastomer type.…”

“…Less controversy has been associated with observations of nonlinear viscoelastic and thermorheologically complex behavior in filled systems. Nonlinear viscoelastic response in the form of strain amplitude dependence has been noted for a number of fillers, both reinforcing and nonreinforcing [16,[21][22][23]. Thermorheologically complex behavior associated with the presence of fillers has also been reported [15,20,23,24].…”

Dynamic properties of an organic hybrid of chlorinated polyethylene and hindered phenol compound

“…This effect, generally termed the "Payne effect," 11,12 is exponentially increased by increasing filler loading 13,14 and was found to be dependent on structure and surface behavior, 14 -16 surface chemical modification, 17 and physical modification, 18 as well as the mixing time 19 and mixing method.…”

Static and dynamic strain‐dependent viscoelastic behavior of black‐filled EPDM vulcanizates

“…Despite the fact that the model applies only to unfilled vulcanizates, it has been used for the successful interpretation of results for filled butyl rubber vulcanizates. The success of the GSL model is attributed to the physical assumption intrinsic to the model; more specifically: ( 1) the relaxation spectrum is independent of the static strain and (2) the deformational dependences of the elastic and the relaxation contribution to the overall response of the system need not be the same." Elastomeric mounts used in automobiles are mostly in the compression-shear mode.…”