The effect of caloric restriction and glycemic load on measures of oxidative stress and antioxidants in humans: Results from the calerie trial of human caloric restriction

Abstract

Decreasing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant defense has been hypothesized as one mechanism by which caloric restriction (CR) increases longevity in animals. A total of 46 moderately overweight volunteers (BMI: 25–30 kg/m2), ages 20–42 yr were randomized to either high glycemic (HG) or low glycemic (LG) dietary load CR regimen at either 10% (n=12) or 30% (n=34) of basal caloric intake. All food was provided to participants for 6 mo. Overall, after controlling for CR levels and dietary regimen for 6 mo, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity increased (p=0.04) and plasma protein carbonyl levels decreased (p=0.02) and a non-significant decrease in plasma 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α level was observed (p=0.09). No significant change was observed in other plasma antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. These findings indicate that short term CR (10% or 30%) in moderately overweight subjects modulates some but not all measures of antioxidant defense and oxidative stress.

Caloric restriction: powerful protection for the aging heart and vasculature

“…Studies on humans also support the notion that CR attenuates oxidative stress. Twelve months of CR in humans have been shown to increase the activity of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase in plasma (137), decrease plasma protein carbonyl levels as a marker of oxidative damage (137), and lower levels of oxidative damage to DNA and RNA in white blood cells and urine (86,89).…”

Effects of Intentional Weight Loss on Markers of Oxidative Stress, DNA Repair and Telomere Length - a Systematic Review

“…We identified 15 studies investigating the effect of weight loss interventions (diet- and/or exercise-, and surgery-induced) on individuals' oxidative stress level (table 1): 6 RCTs and 9 non-randomized intervention studies (n = 5 diet, n = 6 diet and/or exercise interventions, and n = 3 bariatric surgery interventions) [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]. All studies measured oxidative stress markers in blood samples (plasma or serum, e.g., enzyme activities, 8-isoprostane, 8-oxo-dG; for details see table 1) [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48].…”

“…All studies measured oxidative stress markers in blood samples (plasma or serum, e.g., enzyme activities, 8-isoprostane, 8-oxo-dG; for details see table 1) [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]. …”

“…Meydani et al [38] conducted a controlled feeding study among 46 moderately overweight volunteers (BMI 25-30 kg/m 2 , age 20-42 years). They were randomized to a 6-month high-glycemic (HG) or low-glycemic (LG) dietary load caloric restriction regimen at either 10% (n = 12) or 30% (n = 34) of basal caloric intake.…”

“…They were randomized to a 6-month high-glycemic (HG) or low-glycemic (LG) dietary load caloric restriction regimen at either 10% (n = 12) or 30% (n = 34) of basal caloric intake. Independent of the intervention arm, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity increased (p = 0.04) and plasma protein carbonyl levels declined (p = 0.02) [38]. Concomitantly, plasma 8-isoprostane levels decreased non-significantly (p = 0.09), and no changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were observed [38].…”