The Effect of Ca Dopant on the Electrical and Dielectric Properties of BaTi4O9 Sintered Ceramics

Abstract

The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical properties of (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9, (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) sintered pellets synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The emergence of orthorhombic phase fit into space group Pnmm was revealed by XRD, and the addition of Ca resulted in a considerable shift in grain size. Dielectric properties were determined using an impedance spectroscopy in a wide frequency range from 1MHz to 3 GHz. The dielectric properties i.e., dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tanσ), were measured at 3 GHz frequency. The frequency-dependent parameters such as conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss indicated that the relaxation process is a Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The improved dielectric properties and low energy loss have made (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9 a prominent energy storage material. This study provides the possibility to improve its dielectric properties and reduce energy loss, making it an excellent energy storage material.

Optimizing Structural, Optical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties of (Bi1–xLax)FeO3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) Sintered Ceramics

“…This result confirms the substitution of the La element in the Bi site inside the host matrix. The lattice strain (η) was obtained by using the following equation η = β .25em nobreak0em0.25em⁢ cos nobreak0em.25em⁡ θ 4 …”

Complex Impedance and Modulus Analysis on Porous and Non-Porous Scaffold Composites Due to Effect of Hydroxyapatite/Starch Proportion

“…The charge carriers are mobile within a short distance at a high frequency in between the HAp and ST phases due to the limitation of the potential well. It indicates the short-range localized motion of the charge carriers within the potential well [ 12 , 28 , 29 ]. It can be observed that the increment of ST content causes an increment of M′ and M″ of the non-porous HAp/ST composites as shown in Figure 2 .…”

“…It can be noticed in Figure 4 . It corresponds to the enhancement of the resistive property of the non-porous composites and the reduction of effective charge carriers in the HAp nanoparticles that could impose a significant effect on electrical conduction [ 12 , 29 , 39 ].…”

“…Numerous tight interphases are formed between the ST matrix and the HAp nanoparticles with even distribution due to the large surface area of nanoparticles with minimum agglomeration effect. This effect leads to the reduction of ohmic resistivity on the interface of the heterogeneous systems [ 1 , 10 , 29 , 38 ]. The total grain boundary area of the HAp nanoparticles with even distribution is large for the charge carrier accumulation.…”

Direct Evidence of Ice Crystallization Inhibition by Dielectric Relaxation of Hydrated Ions

“…The dielectric spectra of 0.9 wt % NaCl solution were also investigated. The complex dielectric constant ε* was measured, and the dielectric loss tangent tanδ was calculated [25,26] in the range of 1 Hz-10 MHz from 4 °C to −6 °C.…”