The effect of build orientation on both flexural quasi-static and fatigue behaviours of filament deposited PA6 polymer

Terekhina, Svetlana; Tarasova, Tatiana; Егоров, С. А.; Skornyakov, Innokentiy; Guillaumat, Laurent; Hattali, M.L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105825

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Tensile strength is one of the most analyzed mechanical properties, and polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the widely used thermoplastics in FDM™/FFF process. As noted from the reviewed studies [8,[20][21][22][23], build orientation has a more significant influence on mechanical properties than raster angle or orientation. Wang et al [24] analyzed the impact of six parameters (layer thickness, deposition style, support style, build orientation and build location) on tensile strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Design of experiment analysis on tensile properties of PLA samples produced by fused filament fabrication

Auffray

Gouge

Hattali

2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most common forms of 3D printing with many hobbyists and as well as professional printers adopting this technology. With numerous printing parameters available for each print, having the knowledge to optimize the printing process to obtain a custom mechanical properties is clearly advantageous. This paper aims to analyze the elastic mechanical properties of PLA specimens manufactured through FFF process. To reduce experimental runs, the L 27 Taguchi orthogonal array was used to analyze the influence of seven parameters, (i) infill pattern, (ii) layer height, (iii) infill density, (iv) printing velocity, (v) raster orientation, (vi) outline overlap, and (vii) extruder temperature, and three interactions, (i) infill pattern/layer height, (ii) infill pattern/infill density and, (iii) layer height/infill density on both Young's modulus (E) and yield strength (Rp 0.2 ). To remove any doubt about certain parameters, a two-level fractional factorial design with four factors (2 4-1 ) was used to supplement Taguchi approach. Results show that the infill density, infill pattern, printing velocity, and printing orientation are the most influential parameters, whereas layer height, extruder temperature, and outline overlap have no significant influence on Young's modulus and Yield strength. We show that the analysis of interactions could play a leading role in optimization parameters by removing doubt concerning some parameters. This work could be further developed to propose a model to help designers to obtain either tailor-made or a robust mechanical property with minimum variation and uncertainty in product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Design of experiment analysis on tensile properties of PLA samples produced by fused filament fabrication

Auffray

Gouge

Hattali

2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Typical materials as filaments used in Fused Filament Fabrication nowadays are engineering thermoplastic polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA) [14] and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [15][16][17][18][19][20], with extensive literature available for their mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Literature is not yet enriched enough with data on the mechanical and thermal properties of semi-crystalline materials such as polyamide 6/66/12 (PA 6/66/12) used for 3D printing via FFF, with only a few reports available on the tensile strength and impact strength [21][22][23] as well as on the flexural strength [24]. This is mainly due to the difficulties of the material's processing in FFF 3D printing, i.e., (i) distortion and warping of these materials, and (ii) upon their crystallization, they tend to have volume reduction associated with the formation of ordered, more densely packed regions during crystallization, when compared to amorphous polymers, such as ABS [25][26][27].…”

Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyamide 12 over Multiple Recycling Processes

et al. 2021

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Plastic waste reduction and recycling through circular use has been critical nowadays, since there is an increasing demand for the production of plastic components based on different polymeric matrices in various applications. The most commonly used recycling procedure, especially for thermoplastic materials, is based on thermomechanical process protocols that could significantly alter the polymers’ macromolecular structure and physicochemical properties. The study at hand focuses on recycling of polyamide 12 (PA12) filament, through extrusion melting over multiple recycling courses, giving insight for its effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) manufactured specimens throughout the recycling courses. Three-dimensional (3D) FFF printed specimens were produced from virgin as well as recycled PA12 filament, while they have been experimentally tested further for their tensile, flexural, impact and micro-hardness mechanical properties. A thorough thermal and morphological analysis was also performed on all the 3D printed samples. The results of this study demonstrate that PA12 can be successfully recycled for a certain number of courses and could be utilized in 3D printing, while exhibiting improved mechanical properties when compared to virgin material for a certain number of recycling repetitions. From this work, it can be deduced that PA12 can be a viable option for circular use and 3D printing, offering an overall positive impact on recycling, while realizing 3D printed components using recycled filaments with enhanced mechanical and thermal stability.

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“…Accordingly, several studies were performed in consideration of the effect of process parameters on the 3D-printed structures [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. El Magri et al investigated the effect of liquefier temperature and infill orientation on tensile properties and crystallinity of 3D-printed virgin polylactic acid (PLA) and short carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced PLA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, there are Polymers 2021, 13, 3218 2 of 16 numerous research projects on thermoplastics such as polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polylactic acid (PLA) to estimate and analyze their mechanical properties and especially fatigue analysis. Accordingly, several studies were performed in consideration of the effect of process parameters on the 3D-printed structures [21][22][23]. El Magri et al investigated the effect of liquefier temperature and infill orientation on tensile properties and crystallinity of 3D-printed virgin polylactic acid (PLA) and short carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced PLA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation to Study the Effect of Process Parameters on the Strength and Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA-Graphene

et al. 2021

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3D printing, an additive manufacturing process, draws particular attention due to its ability to produce components directly from a 3D model; however, the mechanical properties of the produced pieces are limited. In this paper, we present, from the experimental aspect, the fatigue behavior and damage analysis of polylactic acid (PLA)-Graphene manufactured using 3D printing. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the combined effect of process parameters, loading amplitude, and frequency on fatigue behavior of the 3D-printed PLA-Graphene specimens. Firstly, a specific case study (single printed filament) was analyzed and compared with spool material for understanding the nature of 3D printing of the material. Specific experiments of quasi-static tensile tests are performed. A strong variation of fatigue strength as a function of the loading amplitude, frequency, and process parameters is also presented. The obtained experimental results highlight that fatigue lifetime clearly depends on the process parameters as well as the loading amplitude and frequency. Moreover, when the frequency is 80 Hz, the coupling effect of thermal and mechanical fatigue causes self-heating, which decreases the fatigue lifetime. This paper comprises useful data regarding the mechanical behavior and fatigue lifetime of 3D-printed PLA-Graphene specimens. In fact, it evaluates the effect of process parameters based on the nature of this process, which is classified as a thermally-driven process.

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The effect of build orientation on both flexural quasi-static and fatigue behaviours of filament deposited PA6 polymer

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Design of experiment analysis on tensile properties of PLA samples produced by fused filament fabrication

Design of experiment analysis on tensile properties of PLA samples produced by fused filament fabrication

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyamide 12 over Multiple Recycling Processes

An Investigation to Study the Effect of Process Parameters on the Strength and Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA-Graphene

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