The Effect of Brightness on Figural After-Effect

A threshold difference produced by a figure-ground dichotomy.

“…The finding of Hochberg and Triebel (1955) that brightness differences are necessary for the production of figural aftereffects implies the correctness of Kohler and Wallach's speculation. The findings of Marquart (1954) and of Freeburne and Hamilton (1949) contain the same suggestions. Finding a threshold difference to obtain would not only contribute to understanding of the previous finding, but would also provide a psychophysical description of one effect of the organization of the visual field into a figure-ground dichotomy.…”

Figural after-effects: "satiation" and adaptation.

“…After a series of six experimental stimuli were presented, all Ss were retested with Xc-A system of rotation of experimental sessions was devised. By this means the sequence of stimuli (except X\ and the controls) 3 was such that every stimulus occupied every position in the sequence twice only and every stimulus followed every other stimulus twice only, in order that the influences of position and succession in the presentation series would be minimal.…”

“…Of these, as far as our present knowledge goes, three are of major importance. First, individuals may differ markedly in their susceptibility to accumulation of effect (3,11,13,14). Second, length of inspection period is of importance.…”

The destruction of the Müller-Lyer illusion in repeated trials: II. Satiation patterns and memory traces.

“…We may add that the pattern will be particularly sensitive to this effect of crowded trials when the number of preceding trials is already very great-a prediction with which our observations also agree. 1 The obstacle which tends to prevent destruction of the illusion has thus been derived from the theory of satiation. No new assumptions have been introduced for the purpose.…”