The Effect of Breathing Exercises on the Nocturnal Enuresis in the Children with the Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Abstract

BackgroundThe nocturnal enuresis is one of the most common complaints of childhood. Upper airway obstruction and nocturnal snoring affect the nocturnal enuresis in children.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of breathing exercises on the nocturnal enuresis in the children with the sleep-disordered breathing.Patients and MethodsThis study was conducted in year of 2011 by a semi-experimental design with the control group among 40 children, aged 6 - 12 years, who had the nocturnal enuresis. Participants were examined based on the criteria of nocturnal enuresis, oral breathing, and nocturnal snoring. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to the case and control groups. In the case group, the breathing exercises were performed for 45 minutes, and were pursued for four weeks in the morning following and prior to sleeping, and subsequently the arterial blood gases were measured and the frequency of enuresis and the respiratory rates (RR) were recorded.ResultsAfter intervention the means of PaCO2 and RR in the control group were significantly higher than the case group (P < 0.0001). Likewise, O2sat, PaO2 in the case group were higher than the control group (P < 0.0001). The nocturnal enuresis decreased significantly in the case group, compared to the control group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the breathing exercises may reduce the frequency of nocturnal enuresis in the patients with the oral breathing and nocturnal snore. The clinical implications of these findings should be verified in the future longitudinal studies.

Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine in Nocturnal Enuresis in Children

“…Chiropractic can be effective at restoring bladder control by correcting structural deviations and misalignment (5). Breathing exercises in enuretic children with sleep-disordered breathing, cause a better response to antidiuretic hormone and better control of bladder muscles by increasing the oxygen level (26). The exact mechanism for hyp-nosis effectiveness in improving NE is unknown and it seems to work by its own specific rationales in enuresis.…”

“…The results showed that the frequency of breathing exercises reduce the nocturnal enuresis episodes in enuretic children with abnormal breathing pattern. Thus, this method can be used as a simple method with low cost and is more efficient than other approaches (26).…”

Breathing Re-Education and Phenotypes of Sleep Apnea: A Review

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Analyzing the Relationship Between Addiction to Video Gaming and Primary Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Children

“…Overall, 15% to 30% of children older than six years of age, 15% of children with five years of age, 7% of children with eight years of age, and 1% of children with 15 years of age, wet their bed at least one night per month; the odds ratio of nocturnal enuresis is 1.4:1 in males and females (5)(6)(7). Etiologies of this condition is multifactorial and not fully understood, yet some causes may be small bladder capacity, chronic constipation, genetic influences (autosomal dominant), delayed acquisition of urination control, de-trusor muscle malfunction, involuntary contractions, effect of psychological and behavioral factors, and delayed functional maturation of the central nervous system (8). Treating any underlying organic causes of enuresis is the first step of treatment (9,10).…”