The effect of “breathable” panty liners on the female lower genital tract

Giraldo, Paulo César; Amaral, Rose Luce Gomes do; Juliato, Cássia Raquel Teatin; Eleutério, José; Brolazo, Eliane Melo; Gonçalves, Ana Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.04.016

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Jancovic et al (18) found a higher incidence of VC in women who were used to wear underwear with cotton lining between menstrual cycles in comparison to those no wearing them (p=0.0001). However, Giraldo et al (20) did not find significant difference as to the presence of candidiasis or bacterial vaginitis in women using breathable sanitary pads for 75 consecutive days in comparison to the Control Group, composed of women using only cotton underwear in the same period, which suggests that breathable sanitary pads are safe to women's health. It is noteworthy that 59.3% of women chose to wear cotton underwear daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Association of sanitary pads and clothing with vulvovaginitis

Bardin¹,

Giraldo²,

Benetti‐Pinto³

et al. 2013

J Bras Doenças Sex Transm

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Introduction: Vulvar occlusion and moisture buildup resulting from the use of sanitary pads, synthetic underwear and/or tight pants are considered risk factors for the development of vulvovaginitis (VV). However, this association is still poorly elucidated. Objective: To associate the use of sanitary pads and clothing with the presence of bacterial vaginitis (BV) and vaginal candidiasis (VC). Methods: Cross-sectional study aimed at analyzing the use of sanitary pads and clothing in 307 volunteers from 18 to 45 years old, with and without BV and/or VC. A questionnaire comprehending six domains was applied individually to the volunteers, in an outpatient gynecology clinic at a university hospital (University of Campinas, Brazil). This study analyzed three of six domains. Vaginal material was collected for microbiologic diagnosis of BV (Nugent criteria) and VC (Gram stain and culture of the fungus in Saboureaud). Exclusion criteria were: use of antibiotics within 15 days, history of cancer, positive HIV and/or syphilis and immunosuppressive disease. Statistical analysis were made with Fischer and chi-square tests, using the software EPI INFO 0.5. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: In total, 141 (46%) women were diagnosed with VV. The mean age was 32 (±6.8) years and most women were Caucasian (52%), had a steady partner (83%) and were using hormonal contraceptives (64.5%). Women with presence of VV used more panties made of synthetic fabric (10.6% x zero), had more menstrual cycles (72.3 x 55.4%) than those without VV (p<0.005 and p<0.0001) and showed patterns of sanitary pads similar to those without VV. Conclusion: Habits of usage of sanitary pads is not associated with the presence of VV. Presence of menstrual cycle and use of synthetic underwear have been related with greater frequency of VV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Association of sanitary pads and clothing with vulvovaginitis

Bardin¹,

Giraldo²,

Benetti‐Pinto³

et al. 2013

J Bras Doenças Sex Transm

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“…In a prospective study [12] performed in Brazil, Giraldo et al randomly divided 107 healthy participants who were not overweight and were without gynecologic complaints into two groups. The study group (n = 53) was instructed to use breathable panty liners for 10–12 hours daily for 75 days, and the control group (n = 54) was asked to use their usual undergarments only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Farage et al [15] observed no changes in microflora following daily panty liner use for 6 months when examining vaginal secretions and cultures taken from used sanitary pads. Giraldo et al [12] found no increase in the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or vulvovaginal irritation in healthy women who were not overweight after the use of breathable daily panty liners for 75 days. Breathable (vapor‐permeable) products were used in this study to minimize the effect of extended skin coverage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A systematic review of the effect of daily panty liner use on the vulvovaginal environment

Pontes

Amaral

Giraldo

et al. 2014

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

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“…As mulheres que apresentam aumento na umidade vaginal (obesas, com atividade física intensa, excesso de lubrificação íntima, grande transpiração) poderiam se beneficiar do uso dos absorventes intermenstruais com camada inferior respirável, uma vez que este estudo sugere não haver alterações clínicas significativas (hiperemia, ardor e prurido), e com manifesta satisfação do uso regular durante o período intermenstrual. Conforme sugere um estudo complementar 15 , além de propiciar satisfação de uso e conferir segurança higiênica, o uso dos absorventes respiráveis não provoca modificações substanciais da flora vulvar e vaginal.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified