The Effect of Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Prothrombin Biomarkers in Pregnant Women With Gestational And Chronic Hypertension

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy complications, such as gestational hypertension (GH), affect around 5-8% of pregnancies, which may progress to more severe conditions like pre-eclampsia. It is essential to closely monitor various physiological and biochemical markers, including B-natriuretic peptide (BNP), prothrombin time, and iron levels, to detect and manage hypertensive disorders early on during pregnancy. Methods: Our study, conducted from July to October 2023, involved 96 women grouped into four categories: pregnant with GH, healthy pregnant, non-pregnant with chronic HT, and healthy non-pregnant individuals. We utilized techniques such as ELISA, coagulation analysis, and biochemical assays to measure physiological parameters like BNP, prothrombin time, and iron levels. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and the Duncan multiple range test to derive meaningful insights from the data. Results: We observed significant increases in body mass index and blood pressure among pregnant individuals with GH and non-pregnant individuals with HT when compared to their respective control groups. BNP levels were notably elevated in both hypertensive groups, with pregnant individuals with GH exhibiting the highest levels. Furthermore, prothrombin time showed a significant increase in pregnant individuals with GH and non-pregnant individuals with HT. Conversely, iron levels decreased notably in pregnant individuals with GH and non-pregnant individuals with HT compared to their respective control groups. Conclusion: Elevated BNP levels may indicate cardiac stress, while increased prothrombin time suggests alterations in coagulation profiles in hypertensive pregnancies. Implementing routine screenings for pregnant women can help mitigate the risks associated with gestational hypertension and ultimately improve outcomes for both mothers and their babies.