The effect of bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol polymer on neointimal hyperplasia in rabbit carotid artery anastomosis

Abstract

Objective Since the systemic drugs have been used to reduce the hyperplasic response in the tunica intima, the periadventitial local drug applications to the vascular wall have gained more popularity. In this study, we investigated the effect of bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol polymer on neointimal hyperplasia in rabbit carotid artery anastomosis to explore the effects of these two different agents. Methods 21 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The carotid artery transection and anastomosis was performed onthe control group. The bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and the polyethylene glycol polymer were applied locally on the other two groups seperatley after transection and anastomosis of the carotid arteries. At the end of 28-day follow-up, the histological and the immunohistochemical results related to neointimal hyperplasia were compared. Results The glue residues were detected in the BSA-glutaraldehyde group, but in the PEG polymer group there was no glue residue. The intima thickness and the intima/media thickness ratio in the control group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other groups. These values did not differ significantly between the BSA-glutaraldehyde group and the PEG polymer group (p>0.05). The lumen diameter and the area in the control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde group. These values between the control group and the PEG polymer group did not differ significantly (p>0.05). aSMA-positive staining score in the Control group was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde and PEG polymer group and the VEGF-positive staining score in the control group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde and the PEG polymer group. Conclusions Although the both agents have positive results on neointimal hyperplasia, it would be favorable to use polyethylene glycol polymer, since it does not seem to affect the lumen area and the lumen diameter of the vessel.

The effect of bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol polymer on local tissue reaction and inflammation in rabbit carotid artery anastomosis

“…VEGF uptake was found to be statistically higher in the control group compared to the BSA-glutaraldehyde and PEG-polymer group. 3 As a result of our current study, we showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration and degree of inflammation in the control group were significantly higher than in the BSA-glutaraldehyde and PEG-polymer group. This is consistent with the results of our precursor study.…”

“…In addition, a secondary detailed evaluation was performed and sections were categorized according to inflammation type, cell types (Eosinophils, Epithelioid/giant cells, Lymphocytes, plasma cells). Grading in cell infiltration was defined quantitatively as no cells (0) to high infiltration of cells (3). Grade 0 indicated that the selected inflammatory cell type was not in the photomicrograph.…”

“…Grade 3 indicated diffuse infiltration of selected inflammatory cells throughout the field of view. Also, the presence of residual sealants was evaluated semi-quantitatively on H&E stained sections and was graded from none (0) to severe (3). Grade 0 defined no residual sealant.…”

“…In addition to the hemostatic properties of hemostatic agents, the investigation of their immunogenic properties, their local effects on the surrounding tissue and application area has been the subject of many experimental studies. [3][4][5] It has been tried to reach the ideal hemostatic agent by investigating toxic and pro-inflammatory effects, as a result of these studies. However, the invisible aspects of these agents, which are in use and have been proven hemostatic efficacy, should be elucidated, due to the fact that the ideal hemostatic agent has not yet been discovered.…”

Solid-Phase Polymerization Using Anion-Exchange Resin Can Almost Completely Crosslink Hemoglobin to Prepare Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers

“…Their properties are similar to those of ether, which is very stable. 27 , 28 Acetals are hydrolyzed under weak acidic conditions and reduced to the original aldehyde. In this manner, the homogenous distribution of GA in the solution can be achieved.…”