The Effect of Bottle Fill Rate and Pour Technique on the Recovery of Volatile Organics

Parker, Louise V.; Britt, Sanford L.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01401.x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Loss of dissolved volatiles has also been reported during the collection of samples into VOA vials. Although the loss of VOCs has been reported to be less than 10% under most sampling conditions (Nadim et al ; Parker and Britt ), methane is significantly more volatile than the VOCs evaluated in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of Different Sampling Methodologies on Measured Methane Concentrations in Groundwater Samples

Molofsky¹,

Richardson

Gorody³

et al. 2016

Groundwater

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Analysis of dissolved light hydrocarbon gas concentrations (primarily methane and ethane) in water supply wells is commonly used to establish conditions before and after drilling in areas of shale gas and oil extraction. Several methods are currently used to collect samples for dissolved gas analysis from water supply wells; however, the reliability of results obtained from these methods has not been quantified. This study compares dissolved methane and ethane concentrations measured in groundwater samples collected using three sampling methods employed in pre-and post-drill sampling programs in the Appalachian Basin. These include an open-system collection method where 40 mL volatile organic analysis (VOA) vials are filled directly while in contact with the atmosphere (Direct-Fill VOA) and two alternative methods: (1) a semi-closed system method whereby 40 mL VOA vials are filled while inverted under a head of water (Inverted VOA) and (2) a relatively new (2013) closed system method in which the sample is collected without direct contact with purge water or the atmosphere (IsoFlask ® ). This study reveals that, in the absence of effervescence, the difference in methane concentrations between the three sampling methods was relatively small. However, when methane concentrations equaled or exceeded 20 mg/L (the approximate concentration at which effervescence occurs in the study area), IsoFlask ® (closed system) samples yielded significantly higher methane concentrations than Direct-Fill VOA (open system) samples, and Inverted VOA (semi-closed system) samples yielded lower concentrations. These results suggest that open and semi-closed system sample collection methods are adequate for non-effervescing samples. However, the use of a closed system collection method provides the most accurate means for the measurement of dissolved hydrocarbon gases under all conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of Different Sampling Methodologies on Measured Methane Concentrations in Groundwater Samples

Molofsky¹,

Richardson

Gorody³

et al. 2016

Groundwater

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“…The solutions were transferred to each vial from 1-L flasks using a peristaltic pump. When VOC solution was moved into each vial from the flask, the PTFE tube on the pump was attached to the bottom of the vial to minimize loss of VOC (Parker and Britt 2012). Filled and sealed vials were tumbled in a rotator at 30 rpm for 8 days at 23.5°C, which is sufficient time to reach equilibrium (Park et al 2012a).…”

Section: Equilibrium Batch Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent Transport Parameters for Volatile Organic Compounds in Coextruded Geomembrane–Containing Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol

Eun

Tinjum

Benson

et al. 2018

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

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A method to estimate the equivalent diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient of a coextruded ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) geomembrane (GM) is presented. The method is based on the weighted harmonic mean of diffusion coefficients of each layer and the partition coefficient of the outer layers. The method was evaluated using experimental data obtained with five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) typically found in landfill leachate [methylene chloride (MC), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), trichloroethylene (TCE), toluene (TOL), and chlorobenzene (CB)] and a coextruded GM composed of outer layers of low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE), an adhesive tie layer (maleic anhydride), and a core of EVOH. Equivalent diffusion coefficients computed with the recommended equation were found to be no different statistically from equivalent diffusion coefficients measured using a modified double-compartment apparatus. VOC transport through a composite liner using a coextruded EVOH GM was predicted using a finite-difference model with the equivalent transport parameters as input. Good agreement was obtained between predictions from the model and measured concentrations from a column test simulating a composite liner.

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“…Sources of loss and uncertainty include all of the steps (e.g., bailing, pumping, and transfer between vessels) that accompany the removal of an aliquot of liquid from the environment, and its transfer in the laboratory (Bopp et al, 2005; Parker and Britt, 2012). Furthermore, in many environments the potential exists for temporal changes in concentration as a result of natural phenomena (e.g., tidal action and storm events) or interaction with the built environment (e.g., changes associated with stream discharge, groundwater pumping, injection, and infiltration recharge systems).…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparatus and method for time-integrated, active sampling of contaminants in fluids demonstrated by monitoring of hexavalent chromium in groundwater

Roll

Driver

Halden

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Annual U.S. expenditures of $2B for site characterization invite the development of new technologies to improve data quality while reducing costs and minimizing uncertainty in groundwater monitoring. This work presents a new instrument for time-integrated sampling of environmental fluids using in situ solid-phase extraction (SPE). The In Situ Sampler (IS2) is an automated submersible device capable of extracting dissolved contaminants from water (100s – 1000s mL) over extended periods (hours to weeks), retaining the analytes, and rejecting the processed fluid. A field demonstration of the IS2 revealed 28-day average concentration of hexavalent chromium in a shallow aquifer affected by tidal stresses via sampling of groundwater as both liquid and sorbed composite samples, each obtained in triplicate. In situ SPE exhibited 75 ± 6% recovery and an 8-fold improvement in reporting limit. Relative to use of conventional methods (100%), beneficial characteristics of the device and method included minimal hazardous material generation (2%), transportation cost (10%), and associated carbon footprint (2%). The IS2 is compatible with commercial SPE resins and standard extraction methods, and has been certified for more general use (i.e., inorganics and organics) by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) of the U.S. Department of Defense.

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The Effect of Bottle Fill Rate and Pour Technique on the Recovery of Volatile Organics

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Different Sampling Methodologies on Measured Methane Concentrations in Groundwater Samples

Effect of Different Sampling Methodologies on Measured Methane Concentrations in Groundwater Samples

Equivalent Transport Parameters for Volatile Organic Compounds in Coextruded Geomembrane–Containing Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol

Apparatus and method for time-integrated, active sampling of contaminants in fluids demonstrated by monitoring of hexavalent chromium in groundwater

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