THE EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT ON THE RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES OF THE LAST‐INSTAR LARVA OF <i>DIATARAXIA OLERACEA</i> L., THE TOMATO MOTH

Way, M. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1954.tb00917.x

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Tables 7 and 8 show that shallow sowing favours the systemic action of dieldrin seed-dressings against wheat bulb fly larvae. The reason for this is not clear, although it may be important that a larva entering a shallow-sown plant soon reaches the growing point where the insecticide is perhaps concentrated, whereas it takes longer to burrow spirally down the shoot of a deep-sown plant during which it grows and its resistance probably increases (Way, 1954).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXPERIMENTS ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDAL SEED‐DRESSINGS, ESPECIALLY AGAINST LEPTOHYLEMYIA COARCTATA FALL., MUSCIDAE, THE WHEAT BULB FLY

Way

1959

Annals of Applied Biology

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Certain chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides applied as seed‐dressings to wheat can kill wheat bulb fly larvae either by contact or by systemic action. Newly hatched larvae may be killed by contact action when they pass close to the treated seed on their way to attack the shoot. Such kill depends on the behaviour of the larvae and on the depth the seed is sown. Larvae move upwards after hatching and probably reach the surface soil where they search for the host plant, entering the shoot at a depth of between 1/4 and 1 in. This behaviour explains results of experiments in which about half of the larvae were killed by contact action of dieldrin on seeds sown 1/4 in. deep and few or none by similarly treated seeds sown at 3 in. It is not known whether the larvae are killed directly by contact action or whether they die of starvation after being deterred. Larvae not killed by contact may be killed by systemic action. The systemic action of dieldrin and aldrin, unlike their contact action, does not protect the plant from damage by wheat bulb fly larvae, which tunnel within the shoot and destroy the growing point before they are killed. γ‐BHC applied as a seed‐dressing apparently remains systemically active for less time than dieldrin or aldrin, but while active usually kills, or perhaps deters, the larva before it significantly damages the plant. The uptake of dieldrin and aldrin by the wheat seedling depends on contact between the insecticide and the seed or roots, close contact with the seed seeming especially important. Systemic action is also favoured by late sowing, by sowing the seed very shallowly and by increasing the dose of insecticide adhering to the seed. Dieldrin applied as a seed‐dressing at 4.5 mg./seed was not phytotoxic to Cappelle wheat sown within 10 days of treatment, whereas γ‐BHC, even at 0.022 mg./seed, delayed the germination of some seeds. Preliminary experiments with dieldrin seed‐dressings against onion fly larvae showed that newly hatched larvae mostly enter the young onion plant at the base of the bulb close to the position of the treated seed and thus are likely to be killed by contact with the insecticide on the seed. There was no evidence that dieldrin seed‐dressings act systemically against onion fly larvae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXPERIMENTS ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDAL SEED‐DRESSINGS, ESPECIALLY AGAINST LEPTOHYLEMYIA COARCTATA FALL., MUSCIDAE, THE WHEAT BULB FLY

Way

1959

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…In addition, adult female W-P insects were significantly larger than adult female W insects. It is well known that the larger individuals of an insect population are able to tolerate higher doses of synthetic insecticides (e.g., Tomato moth, Diataraxia oleracea L. (Way, 1954) and Locusts (McCuaig, 1956)). In particular, in S. oryzae there is a positive correlation between body size and time to knock-down in the presence of the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos methyl and this correlation may be influenced genetically (Holloway, 1986b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of new environment on adapted genetic architecture

1990

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Central to the study of life cycle evolution is the concept of genetic trade-offs. Genetic trade-offs between life cycle characters develop as a result of the accumulation of genes with antagonistic pleiotropic effects. In the present study a comparison was made between the genetic architecture that had evolved in the ancestral environment and the way that this genetic architecture was disrupted following transfer to a new environment. It was predicted that, in the ancestral environment, genetic trade-offs should have evolved between each life cycle character and, as a result of these genetic trade-offs, significant levels of additive genetic variation should remain despite many generations of selection. Following transfer to a new environment different genes might be expressed. Therefore, it was predicted that in the new environment the levels of additive genetic variation should increase and that the genetic trade-offs should break down. The predictions were well supported by the data.

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“…The ~fficulty in obtaining enough flies, distributed into weight-classes, after weighings during a whole day of work, did not enable the use of the same experimental design with houseflies. The probit plane technique was also used by Way (1954)and MacCuaig (1956MacCuaig ( , 1961. The studies by Gast (1959) and Ellis (1972) follow a different design but again the number of insects available was a limitation to such a procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the influence of body size in test insects on their susceptibility is of interest and might, for example, assist in accounting for variation in determinations of toxicity, either when same or ,different stocks of one species of test insect are employed. With other species and using larval stages, Bliss (1936), Way (1949Way ( , 1954 and Gast (1959) gave relevant facts on the effect of body weight on suscepfibi,'lity. On the .ad~t stage work on adults was clone by MacCuaig (1956MacCuaig ( , 1961 with locusts 'a~,d E~IS 0972)p~blished some data on Sitophilus granarius, while Lavadinho (1973) used the same species.…”

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confidence: 99%

INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL BODY WEIGHT ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ADULT MUSC A DOMESTICA TO DDT AND MALATHION

Lavadinho

1975

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Female and male houseflies were dosed topically with DDT and malathion at fixed doses. By separating flies, before dosage, into weight‐classes according to their individual body weight, it was shown that susceptibility decreased markedly with increasing body weight. Probit mortality was linearly related to the logarithm of the body weight. Résumé INFLUENCE DU POIDS INDIVIDUEL DES ADULTES DE MUSCA DOMESTICA SUR LEUR SENSIBILITÉ AU DDT ET AU MALATHION Des mâles et des femelles reçoivent une application topique de diverses doses de DDT et de malathion. Les tests réalisés pour des mouches réparties par classes de poids de 1 ou 2 mgr., pour les mâles d'une part et les femelles d'autre part, montrent que la sensibilité des divers lots est inversement proportionnelle au poids. La mortalité exprimée en probits varie linéairement avec le poids exprimé en logarithme.

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THE EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT ON THE RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES OF THE LAST‐INSTAR LARVA OF DIATARAXIA OLERACEA L., THE TOMATO MOTH

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

EXPERIMENTS ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDAL SEED‐DRESSINGS, ESPECIALLY AGAINST LEPTOHYLEMYIA COARCTATA FALL., MUSCIDAE, THE WHEAT BULB FLY

EXPERIMENTS ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDAL SEED‐DRESSINGS, ESPECIALLY AGAINST LEPTOHYLEMYIA COARCTATA FALL., MUSCIDAE, THE WHEAT BULB FLY

The effect of new environment on adapted genetic architecture

INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL BODY WEIGHT ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ADULT MUSC A DOMESTICA TO DDT AND MALATHION

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