The Effect of Blue Light on Plants and Microorganisms

Senger, Horst

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb02668.x

Cited by 155 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Plants grown under monochromatic red light exhibited elongated hypocotyls and cotyledons, a condition known to be phytochrome-dependent [19]. Blue light increased the ratio of chlorophyll a/b (chl a/b), affected plant photomorphogenesis, and promoted stomatal opening in plants [33][34][35]. The combination of red and blue light provided better excitation of photoreceptors including phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins, and resulted in higher photosynthetic activity than plants under either monochromatic red or blue light [36].…”

Section: Red And/or Blue Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red and/or blue light affected chlorophyll content, photosynthetic enzyme activity, stomatal opening, and the distribution of carbohydrates in plants [26,27,33,34,41]. Compared with other PAR wavelengths, red light increased the total chlorophyll content in leaves to promote photosynthesis, but inhibited the transport of carbohydrates from leaves to sinks, which suppressed photosynthesis due to the high level of carbohydrates in the leaves [41].…”

Section: Red And/or Blue Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Light Quality on Growth and Phytonutrient Accumulation of Herbs under Controlled Environments

Dou

Niu²,

et al. 2017

Horticulturae

137

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Abstract:In recent years, consumption of herb products has increased in daily diets, contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, chronic diseases, and certain types of cancer owing to high concentrations of phytonutrients such as essential oils and phenolic compounds. To meet the increasing demand for high quality herbs, controlled environment agriculture is an alternative and a supplement to field production. Light is one of the most important environmental factors influencing herb quality including phytonutrient content, in addition to effects on growth and development. The recent development and adoption of light-emitting diodes provides opportunities for targeted regulation of growth and phytonutrient accumulation by herbs to optimize productivity and quality under controlled environments. For most herb species, red light supplemented with blue light significantly increased plant yield. However, plant yield decreased when the blue light proportion (BP) reached a threshold, which varied among species. Research has also shown that red, blue, and ultraviolet (UV) light enhanced the concentration of essential oils and phenolic compounds in various herbs and improved antioxidant capacities of herbs compared with white light or sunlight, yet these improvement effects varied among species, compounds, and light treatments. In addition to red and blue light, other light spectra within the photosynthetically active region-such as cyan, green, yellow, orange, and far-red light-are absorbed by photosynthetic pigments and utilized in leaves. However, only a few selected ranges of light spectra have been investigated, and the effects of light quality (spectrum distribution of light sources) on herb production are not fully understood. This paper reviews how light quality affected the growth and phytonutrient accumulation of both culinary and medicinal herbs under controlled environments, and discusses future research opportunities to produce high quantity and quality herbs.

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Section: Red And/or Blue Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Red And/or Blue Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Light Quality on Growth and Phytonutrient Accumulation of Herbs under Controlled Environments

Dou

Niu²,

et al. 2017

Horticulturae

137

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“…Blue light-induced responses both in higher plants and microorganisms have been extensively studied (see reviews 27,28). In the fungus Neurospora crassa, blue light has been shown to regulate a number of important processes including carotenoid biosynthesis (8,24), photosuppression and phase shifting of the circadian rhythm of conidiation (5), photoinduction of protoperithecia formation (15), and under certain conditions promotion of conidiation (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Phototropism of Neurospora crassa Perithecial Beaks Using White Collar and Albino Mutants

Harding

Melles²

1983

Plant Physiol.

125

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Positive phototropism of perithecial beaks in the fungus Newrospora crassa has been demonstrated. The effect was shown to be mediated by blue Hght. When mutants (white collar-i and white collar-2) which are blocked In the Ught induction of enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were used as the protoperithecial parent in crosses, the resulting perithecial beaks did not show a phototropic response. However, when wild type, albino-i, albino-2, or albino-3 strains were used as the protoperithecial parent, phototropism occurred.The results show that both photoinduced carotenogenesis and phototropism in N. crassa are controlled by the white collar-i and white collar-2 loci. Thus, the sensory transduction pathways for the two photoresponses must have some steps in common. The results further support the proposal that the white collar strains are regulatory mutants blocked in the light induction process, whereas the albino-1, albino-2, and albino-3 strains can carry out light induction but have the albino phenotype because they are each defective for a different enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.Blue light-induced responses both in higher plants and microorganisms have been extensively studied (see reviews 27, 28). In the fungus Neurospora crassa, blue light has been shown to regulate a number of important processes including carotenoid biosynthesis (8, 24), photosuppression and phase shifting of the circadian rhythm of conidiation (5), photoinduction of protoperithecia formation (15), and under certain conditions promotion of conidiation (16). In Neurospora sitophila, positive phototropism of perithecial beaks (also referred to as perithecial necks) has also been demonstrated (1), but it was not determined whether this phototropic effect is a blue light response.Genetic studies have been carried out with N. crassa (9,17,19,20), Phycomyces blakesleeanus (2, 3, 18, 25), and Trichoderma (11) which are aimed at eventually identifying the blue light photoreceptor(s) (designated 'cryptochrome' [6]). In N. crassa, photoinduced carotenoid biosynthesis was investigated using wc and al mutants (9). The wc phenotype is defined as albino mycelia with normal pigmentation in the conidia, while the a) strains have a reduced level of carotenoid pigment in both the mycelia and conidia (21)(22)(23) proposal, it was predicted that the wc mutants may be blocked in other blue light-mediated responses in Neurospora (9). The present study was undertaken to test this hypothesis. Inasmuch as a phototropic response of N. sitophila perithecial beaks has been previously demonstrated (1), it was decided to determine whether such a response occurs in N. crassa.In the present study, phototropism of perithecial beaks in N. crassa was demonstrated. Furthermore, this response was blocked in perithecial beaks derived from crosses in which wc mutants were used as the protoperithecial (maternal) parent. No defect in phototropism was observed when the protoperithecial parent was wild type or al.MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains. Th...

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“…Heo et al (2002) reported that stem elongation in marigold was the highest in monochromatic blue light due to synergistic interaction of the blue light receptor and phytochrome. This type of variable physiological response has been reported previously in many species (Senger 1982, Schuerger et al 1997). Contrary to this result, several authors described that blue light inhibits internode elongation and indicated that plants have several blue light receptors such as cryptochrome which regulate different aspects of growth and morphogenesis (Black & Shuttleworth 1974, Thomas & Dickinson 1979, Hoenecke et al 1992).…”

Section: Effect On Growth (Height and Dry Weight) Of Buckwheat Sproutsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Light emitting diodes increase phenolics of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) sprouts

Zakir

2007

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Four types of light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used in three combinations (all blue [BBB], red: blue: far-red [RBFr] 0 4:1:1 and red: green: blue [RGB]04:1:1) and seven irradiation cycles (12 h/12 h photoperiod, 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 KHz, 10 KHz and 100 KHz) were applied to examine their effect on growth, stem color and phenolic compounds (homoorientin, orientin, rutin, vitexin and isovitexin) in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum cv. Great Ruby ) sprouts. With a few exceptions, among all the combinations and irradiation cycles of LEDs, the Great Ruby cultivar showed significant differences in total height and dry weight of sprouts. The study revealed that there was a direct effect of different combination and irradiation cycles of LEDs on sprout height and dry weight; and among the combinations, RBFr and BBB had more positive effect than RGB. Increasing irradiation cycles markedly decreased the red color of stalks of F. esculentum cv. Great Ruby sprouts, with no significant effect on leaf color. In sprouts, the rutin content of leaves and stalks was higher at 12 h photoperiod and the amount in leaves was 5 Á7% higher than that of stalks in all combinations and irradiation cycles of LEDs. Among polyphenols, the rutin content in stalks was 1.45 Á2.97 mg g (1 dry weight and the maximum amount of rutin was obtained from RGB combination of LEDs. In leaves, higher amounts of homoorientin, orientin and vitexin'isovitexin were obtained from the RGB combination and there were significant differences between RGB and other two combinations of LEDs. On the other hand, in between the irradiation cycles used in the study, there were no significant differences for other polyphenols in leaves and stalks of buckwheat sprouts.

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The Effect of Blue Light on Plants and Microorganisms

Cited by 155 publications

References 106 publications

Effects of Light Quality on Growth and Phytonutrient Accumulation of Herbs under Controlled Environments

Effects of Light Quality on Growth and Phytonutrient Accumulation of Herbs under Controlled Environments

Genetic Analysis of Phototropism of Neurospora crassa Perithecial Beaks Using White Collar and Albino Mutants

Light emitting diodes increase phenolics of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) sprouts

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