The effect of bleach duration and age on the ERG photostress test

Wood, Ashley; Margrain, Thomas Hengist; Binns, Alison

doi:10.1007/s00417-011-1627-7

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The time course of reflectance changes at the parafoveal area had a monophasic decrease to baseline at 109.9 ± 45.8-s at 1° and at 111.1 ± 51.3-s at 3° after the cessation of light stimulation ( Fig 5 ). The previous reports of densitometry and electroretinography showed that the recovery time was about 2-min after full bleaching[ 4 , 6 , 40 , 41 ], which was close to our recovery time. Recently, Masella et al also demonstrated by AO-SLO that slow reflectance changes occur in the monkey’s cone and rod photoreceptors after the cessation of light stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Slow Cone Reflectance Changes during Bleaching Determined by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope in Living Human Eyes

et al. 2015

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To investigate the changes in the reflectance of human cone photoreceptors by an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) during photobleaching. A custom-built AO-SLO with an observation light of 840-nm was used to measure the cone densities and the reflectance changes during bleaching by 630 nm red light emitting diodes. Measurements were made at 1° and 3° temporal to the fovea within an area of 1° × 1° in 8 eyes of 8 normal subjects. After dark-adaptation, images of the cone mosaics were recorded continuously for 5-min before, 5-min during, and after 5-min of light stimulation with a sampling rate of 5-Hz. The first positive peak (P1) was observed at 72.2 ± 15.0-s and a second positive peak (P2) at 257.5 ± 34.5-s at 1°. The increase of the reflectance of P1 was significantly larger at 1° (34.4 ± 13.9%) than at 3° (26.0 ± 10.5%; P = 0.03, Wilcoxon’s signed rank test). The average cone density at 1° (51123.13 ± 1401.23 cells/mm2) was significantly larger than that at 3° (30876.13 ± 1459.28 cells/mm2; P <0.001, Wilcoxon’s signed rank test). The changes in the reflectance of the cones during bleaching by red light had two peaks. The two peaks may be caused by regeneration of cone photopigment during bleaching.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Slow Cone Reflectance Changes during Bleaching Determined by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope in Living Human Eyes

et al. 2015

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“…The introduction of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) 18 enabled a detailed determination of local neuroretinal function in cone-and rodmediated pathways in AMD. 6,7,13,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24] These findings have been replicated in recent studies. 12,25 Reasons for conflicting results regarding neuroretinal function deficits in early AMD have been discussed, and these include different paradigms, analysis methods, and phenotypes.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

Relationship Among CFH and ARMS2 Genotypes, Macular Pigment Optical Density, and Neuroretinal Function in Persons Without Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Feigl¹,

Morris²,

Brown³

et al. 2012

Arch Ophthalmol

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OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is a difference in neuroretinal function and in macular pigment optical density between persons with high- and low-risk gene variants for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and no ophthalmoscopic signs of AMD, and to compare the results on neuroretinal function to patients with manifest early AMD. METHODS Neuroretinal function was assessed with the multifocal electroretinogram for 32 participants (22 healthy persons with no AMD and 10 patients with early AMD). The 22 healthy participants with no AMD had either high- or low-risk genotypes for CFH (rs380390) and/or ARMS2 (rs10490924). Trough-to-peak response densities and peak-implicit times were analyzed in 5 concentric rings. Macular pigment optical density was assessed by use of customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. RESULTS Trough-to-peak response densities for concentric rings 1 to 3 were, on average, significantly greater in participants with high-risk genotypes than in participants with low-risk genotypes and in persons with early AMD after correction for age and smoking (P < .05). The group peak-implicit times for ring 1 were, on average, delayed in the patients with early AMD compared with the participants with high- or low-risk genotypes, although these differences were not significant. There was no significant correlation between genotypes and macular pigment optical density. CONCLUSIONS Increased neuroretinal activity in persons who carry high-risk AMD genotypes may be due to genetically determined subclinical inflammatory and/or histological changes in the retina. Neuroretinal function in healthy persons genetically susceptible to AMD may be a useful additional early biomarker (in combination with genetics) of AMD before there is a clinical manifestation.

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“…In clinical studies, Wood et al demonstrated that longer bleach duration (120 s) – in which bleaching and regeneration reach an equilibrium state – improved repeatability of the cone photoreceptor recovery time constant in the electroretinogram photostress test in normal subjects. 79 Loughman et al found that photoflash-based devices (200 μs flash duration) were unable to detect diabetes or nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, although this had previously been demonstrated using 3 min exposure to a 2,200 cd/m 2 light source. 80 In addition, the majority of AMD studies reporting positive findings with photostress recovery endpoints have employed the use of sustained multi-second bleaching (≥10 s).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone photoreceptor macular function and recovery after photostress in early non-exudative age-related macular degeneration

Rodriguez¹,

Lane²,

Hollander³

et al. 2018

OPTH

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PurposeTo identify parameters from cone function and recovery after photostress that detect functional deficits in early non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to determine the repeatability of these parameters.MethodsCone-mediated visual function recovery after photostress was examined in three groups of subjects: young normal subjects (ages 20–29; N=8), older normal subjects (ages 50–90; N=9), and early non-exudative AMD subjects (ages 50–90; N=12). Eight AMD and four normal subjects were retested 1 year after the initial evaluation. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity (VA) and parameters of cone function (baseline cone sensitivity and cone recovery half-life following photobleach) were measured and compared between AMD and normal subjects. Short-term repeatability was assessed for each subject’s initial evaluation. Long-term repeatability was assessed by comparing outcomes from the initial evaluation and 1-year follow-up.ResultsThe mean baseline cone threshold was significantly worse in subjects with early AMD compared to older normal subjects (−1.80±0.04 vs −1.57±0.06 log cd/m2 p=0.0027). Moreover, the baseline cone threshold parameter exhibited good short-term (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.88) and long-term (ICC=0.85) repeatability in all subjects. The cone intercept parameter and ETDRS VA were not significantly different between AMD and older normal subject groups. Cone recovery half-life was significantly different between older normal and AMD subject groups (p=0.041). Neither ETDRS VA nor cone function parameters were significantly different for any group at the 1-year follow-up.ConclusionThe baseline cone threshold shows potential as a novel parameter to assess visual dysfunction in early AMD. This outcome consistently detected deficits in AMD subjects, and differentiated them from age-matched controls with high test–retest repeatability.

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The effect of bleach duration and age on the ERG photostress test

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Slow Cone Reflectance Changes during Bleaching Determined by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope in Living Human Eyes

Slow Cone Reflectance Changes during Bleaching Determined by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope in Living Human Eyes

Relationship Among CFH and ARMS2 Genotypes, Macular Pigment Optical Density, and Neuroretinal Function in Persons Without Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cone photoreceptor macular function and recovery after photostress in early non-exudative age-related macular degeneration

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