The effect of bisphenol A and chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol A on the level of serum vitellogenin in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Abstract

2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane or Bisphenol A (BPA), has been reported to behave as an endocrine disrupter below acute toxic levels, and is widely present in the water environment. Although BPA is easily chlorinated, very little is reported on the effect of chlorinated BPA to the aquatic organisms. In this study, the estrogenic activities of BPA and its chlorinated derivatives were evaluated by the induction of vitellogenin (VTG) in the serum of mature male Japanese medaka. In addition, the effect of sodium hypochlorite on the decomposition of BPA was tested. The relative potencies of estrogenic activities of chlorinated BPA descended in the order 3,3'-diCIBPA>BPA> or =3-CIBPA>3,3',5-triCIBPA, and no estrogenic activity was observed in 3,3',5,5'-tetraCIBPA. Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for both 3-CIBPA and 3,3'-diCIBPA were 500 microg/L and 200 microg/L, respectively. LOEC for 3,3',5-triCIBPA was >500 microg/L. When BPA was reacted with sodium hypochlorite (24 hours; residual chlorine at 1 ppm), however, complete decomposition of BPA and its chlorinated derivatives was observed. The decrease in BPA and its chlorinated derivatives paralleled the decrease in estrogenic potency evaluated by the induction of vitellogenin (VTG) in the serum of mature male Japanese medaka.

Toxicity assessment and vitellogenin expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae acutely exposed to bisphenol A, endosulfan, heptachlor, methoxychlor and tetrabromobisphenol A

“…BPA is highly toxic to aquatic organisms (for a review, see Kang et al ., ). At concentrations as low as 1.75 to 2.4 µg l −1 , BPA can reduce sperm density in brown trout (Lahnsteiner et al ., ) or the induction of vtg in medaka and zebrafish at 1 mg l −1 (Tabata et al ., ). McCormick et al .…”

Assessing developmental toxicity and estrogenic activity of halogenated bisphenol A on zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…In the present study, we further examined the estrogenic activity of BPA and H-BPAs in vivo by means of vtg assay. It has been reported that BPA induces synthesis of vtg in many fish species (Tabata et al, 2004;Brian et al, 2005). Here alteration of vtg confirms the potential for BPA and BPAF to exert estrogenic effects on male zebrafish.…”

Modulations in androgen and estrogen mediating genes and testicular response in male goldfish exposed to bisphenol A

“…Stimulation of Vtg synthesis in liver has been frequently reported in response to BPA, for instance, in common carp [13], goldfish [22], swordtail [39], fathead minnow [10,40], medaka [11,12], and rainbow trout [41]. Stimulation of Vtg synthesis in liver has been frequently reported in response to BPA, for instance, in common carp [13], goldfish [22], swordtail [39], fathead minnow [10,40], medaka [11,12], and rainbow trout [41].…”

“…Although the Vtg gene is present in the liver of both sexes, it is only elevated in females because of endogenous estrogens. Induction of Vtg gene and its synthesis has been shown in a concentration-and time-dependent manner in different fish species exposed to BPA at usually high concentrations (higher than 100 mg/L) after two to four weeks of exposure [10][11][12][13]. Therefore, Vtg has been used for the identification of estrogenic-like contaminants [5,8,9].…”