The effect of biomass particles on the gas distribution and dilute phase characteristics of sand–biomass mixtures fluidized in the bubbling regime

Local characterization of a gas–solid fluidized bed in the presence of thermally induced interparticle forces

“…On the contrary, the values of bubble length scales estimated by the spectral decomposition approach were in close agreement with those estimated by the Horio and Nonaka (1987) equation. Experimental measurements of bubble size by the application of dual optical fiber probes vertically aligned in a fluidized bed of 380 mm sand particles carried out by Fotovat et al (2013) also demonstrated the same deficiency, i.e., overestimation of bubble chord lengths obtained by the optical probe measurements.…”

Segregation of wood particles in a bubbling fluidized bed

“…Fotovat et al [43] demonstrated that the accumulation of biomass particles in the top layers of the bed causes the bubbles to break, whereas the voidage of the emulsion phase significantly deviates from the ϵ mf of olivine due to the abundance of biomass particles in the top half of the bed. Our experiments confirmed these results and showed that the "bubble breakage" phenomenon seems to also occur for olivine alone.…”

Characterization of the upward motion of an object immersed in a bubbling fluidized bed of fine particles

“…To calculate the mean bubble rise velocity, the latter equation is integrated and averaged along the bed height. It should be remarked that the properties of the object and bed material may influence the bubbling features of the bed [22,23]; nonetheless the following equations are the most suitable ones that can be used in the absence of more comprehensive correlations.…”