The Effect of Biodiesel Fuels on Transient Emissions from Modern Diesel Engines, Part II Unregulated Emissions and Chemical Characterization

Sharp, Christopher; Howell, Steve; Jobe, Joe

doi:10.4271/2000-01-1968

Cited by 100 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…The PAH analyses of the biodiesel extracts suggest little PAH content, consistent with a lack of absorbance. In general, biodiesel emissions have been shown to contain less benzene and PAHs compared to petroleum diesel emissions (as well as PM and CO) [6,10,11] but with some exceptions dependent on engine type [29]. However, the PAH concentrations of biodiesel and petroleum diesel used for the cell exposures were small as PAHs were not detected in either combustion extract by GC-MS analysis based on the amount of material available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are six regulated air pollutants referred to as "criteria pollutants": carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), particulate matter (both PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), ozone (O 3 ), and lead (Pb). National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are set for each pollutant at levels that, based on certain criteria, are intended to protect the public health and the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exhaust emissions of biodiesel prepared from the more common plant-oil feedstocks (i.e. soybean and rapeseed oil) have been extensively physicochemically characterized under field and laboratory conditions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Biodiesel exhaust has been shown to contain less PM, CO, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and no sulfur compared to petroleum based diesel exhaust [6,9,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release of the Pro-Inflammatory Markers by BEAS-2B Cells Following In Vitro Exposure to Biodiesel Extracts

Swanson¹,

Kado²,

Funk³

et al. 2009

TOTOXIJ

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Biodiesel, an alkyl ester of plant oils that can be used in an unmodified diesel engine, is the first renewable diesel fuel alternative to become a commercially accepted part of our nation's energy infrastructure. For traditional diesel fuel exhaust, it has been demonstrated that the particulate matter (PM) organic components play a role in acute inflammatory reactions. However, there have been only a few cytotoxicity and mutagenicity studies on biodiesel emissions. In this study, BEAS-2B cells, a transformed human airway epithelial cell line, were exposed in vitro to the PM organic extracts from Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1975, soy ethyl ester (SEE), soy methyl ester (SME), and petroleum diesel for 24 hours. This study demonstrated that the organic extracts of biodiesel PM in an aqueous solution can increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-6 by respiratory epithelial cells. On a microgram PM equivalent per ml (μg PM eq/ml) basis, exposure to biodiesel extracts was associated with a greater release of IL-8 and IL-6 relative to organic extracts of two diesel PM samples. The dose range tested was not cytotoxic. It was also noted that the solvent exchange method, which was used to prepare the aqueous exposure doses, may not be appropriate for the investigation of biodiesel extracts, though it has been used extensively in petroleum diesel research. A valuable new finding from these experiments is that the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of biodiesel PM begins to elicit a cytokine response in BEAS-2B cells at an exposure lower than petroleum diesel PM extract (approximately 40 μg PM eq/ml). However, more research is required to better characterize the potency of the organic fraction of biodiesel compared to petroleum diesel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release of the Pro-Inflammatory Markers by BEAS-2B Cells Following In Vitro Exposure to Biodiesel Extracts

Swanson¹,

Kado²,

Funk³

et al. 2009

TOTOXIJ

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“…They are important precursors to free radicals (HO x ), ozone, and peroxyacylnitrates (PAN) (Carter, 1995;Gaffney et al, 1997). Therefore, carbonyls emission from vehicular exhaust is of special importance to study, especially from the vehicles fueled by alternative fuels such as biodiesel, biodiesel-diesel, E-diesel, or E-gasoline (Cardone et al, 2002;Magnusson et al, 2002;Poulopoulos et al, 2001;Sharp et al, 2000b). For BE-diesel, to our knowledge, there were few studies concerning the carbonyls emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of carbonyl compounds emission from a diesel-engine using biodiesel–ethanol–diesel as fuel

Pang

Shi

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

121

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Characteristics of carbonyl compounds (carbonyls) emissions from biodiesel-ethanol-diesel (BE-diesel) were investigated in a Commins-4B diesel engine and compared with those from fossil diesel. Acetaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyls in the exhaust, followed by formaldehyde, acetone, propionaldehyde and benzaldehyde. Apliphatic carbonyls emitted from BE-diesel were higher than those from diesel fuel, while formaldehyde and aromatic carbonyls were less than those from diesel fuel. Total carbonyls emissions from BE-diesel were 1-12% higher than those from diesel fuel depending on engine operating conditions. The effects of engine speed and load level were also investigated carefully. It was found that total carbonyls emission was in positive correlation with the engine speed. During the constant speed/ varying load tests, minimum total carbonyls emission was found at 50% load. Compared with fossil diesel, the BE-diesel was observed to significantly reduce PM emission and increase slightly NO x emission. r

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“…Other benefits include the lower emissions of sulfur-based pollutants, aerosols, and carbon monoxide compared with the petrochemical products (Sharp et al, 2000;Shrivastava et al, 2000). Currently, production of biodiesel is carried out by means of the transesterification reaction, employing corrosive chemical catalysts (strong acids or bases) at relatively high temperatures (Moser, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipase immobilized on polydopamine-coated magnetite nanoparticles for biodiesel production from soybean oil

Andrade

Parussulo

Netto

et al. 2016

BRJ

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The Effect of Biodiesel Fuels on Transient Emissions from Modern Diesel Engines, Part II Unregulated Emissions and Chemical Characterization

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Release of the Pro-Inflammatory Markers by BEAS-2B Cells Following In Vitro Exposure to Biodiesel Extracts

Release of the Pro-Inflammatory Markers by BEAS-2B Cells Following In Vitro Exposure to Biodiesel Extracts

Characteristics of carbonyl compounds emission from a diesel-engine using biodiesel–ethanol–diesel as fuel

Lipase immobilized on polydopamine-coated magnetite nanoparticles for biodiesel production from soybean oil

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