The effect of Bikram yoga on endothelial function in young and middle-aged and older adults

Hunter, Stacy D.; Dhindsa, Mandeep; Cunningham, Emily; Tarumi, Takashi; Alkatan, Mohammed; Nualnim, Nantinee; Elmenshawy, Ahmed; Tanaka, Hirofumi

doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.06.004

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…17 Improved endothelium dependant flow mediated vasodilation was also observed after breathing exercises in middle aged and older individuals and not in younger age group. 18 The results of our study coincide with the results of previous studies which showed decrease in sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients after ANB. 9,10,17,18 In our study, carotid artery was chosen for evaluation as arterial stiffening was found to be more in elastic arteries than muscular arteries with increasing age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…18 The results of our study coincide with the results of previous studies which showed decrease in sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients after ANB. 9,10,17,18 In our study, carotid artery was chosen for evaluation as arterial stiffening was found to be more in elastic arteries than muscular arteries with increasing age. 19 Endothelium dependant NO production as well number of voltage gated calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle also decrease with age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Doppler Evaluation of Common Carotid Artery Haemodynamic Parameters in Patients With Essential Hypertension After Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercises

S¹,

Preethi²,

Praveena³

et al. 2019

jebmh

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BACKGROUNDEssential hypertension is a well-known predictor for cardiovascular disease, and it is mainly characterized by increased activity of sympathetic nervous system. As breathing exercises were known to reduce blood pressure by modulating autonomic nervous system activity, the present study was done to confirm the sympathetic lowering effect of alternate nostril breathing exercises in patients with essential hypertension by studying the haemodynamic parameters of left common carotid artery. We wanted to measure and compare the immediate effect of 30 minutes of ANB exercises on left common carotid artery diameter, Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) and Resistive Index (RI) in hypertensive subjects. METHODS40 hypertensives in the age group of 45-65 years of both the genders were recruited for this study. Study group involved 20 and the control group involved 20 hypertensive subjects. Diameter of left Common Carotid Artery (CCA), PSV & RI before and immediately after 30 minutes of ANB was assessed with Gray scale and Doppler ultrasound. RESULTSA significant increase in vessel diameter (p <0.056) and decrease in PSV (p <0.010), RI (p=0.008) was observed after ANB exercises in the study group. In the control group, no significant change in vessel diameter (p =0. 485), RI (p<=0.789) & PSV (p=0.777) was seen after 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONSSympathetic lowering effect of ANB exercises was evidenced by increase in vessel diameter, decrease in RI & PSV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Doppler Evaluation of Common Carotid Artery Haemodynamic Parameters in Patients With Essential Hypertension After Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercises

S¹,

Preethi²,

Praveena³

et al. 2019

jebmh

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show abstract

“…Research studies investigating the health benefits associated with this practice have been emerging in recent years. Improved endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation has been observed after 8 weeks of Bikram yoga practice in apparently healthy, middle‐aged adults (Hunter et al., ). However, it is not clear which element of Bikram yoga (strictly standardized hatha yoga postures and breathing exercises or high heat and humid environment) augments endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of yoga interventions practised in heated and thermoneutral conditions on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation: The Bikram yoga heart study

Hunter

Laosiripisan

Elmenshawy

et al. 2018

Experimental Physiology

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We have previously documented improvements in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation with a Bikram (hot) yoga intervention in middle-aged adults. At present, the effect of environmental temperature in hot yoga on endothelial function is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of Bikram yoga interventions performed in heated or thermoneutral conditions on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Fifty-two sedentary but apparently healthy adults aged 40-60 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Bikram yoga practised at 40.5 • C (n = 19), Bikram yoga practised at 23 • C (n = 14) or sedentary time control (n = 19). The yoga interventions consisted of 90 min Bikram yoga classes three times a week for 12 weeks. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was measured non-invasively using brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Body fat percentage determined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was significantly lower in the hot yoga group after the intervention than in the thermoneutral yoga and control conditions. Brachial artery FMD increased (P < 0.05) in the thermoneutral yoga group and tended to increase in the hot yoga group (P = 0.056). No changes occurred in the control group. There were no significant differences in FMD change scores between groups. We conclude that Bikram yoga practised in thermoneutral conditions improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in healthy, middle-aged adults. These new findings highlight the effectiveness of hatha yoga postures alone, in the absence of a heated practice environment, in improving vascular health and are of clinical significance given the increased propensity for heat intolerance in ageing adults.

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“…Compared with regular or traditional yoga (e. g. hatha yoga), there is more evidence indicating the benefits of Bikram yoga, a highly standardized rigorous yoga of 26 postures practiced in a heated environment with 40-60 % relative humidity. A relatively shortterm practice of Bikram yoga improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation [66] and central arterial stiffness [67] although the effects seem to be modulated by age. Given the observations that both sauna [68] and hot water immersion [69] have been shown to improve vascular function, it seems reasonable to attribute the superior effects of Bikram yoga to the heated practice environment.…”

Section: Yogamentioning

confidence: 98%

Under-appreciated and Overlooked Modes of Exercises on Key Vascular Functions

Tanaka

2020

Int J Sports Med

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The arterial system has two primary functions. The conduit function is to transport adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and the cushioning function is to buffer and cushion the pulsatile pressure exerted by intermittent ventricular contractions. The impairments in these two functions often result from physiological changes characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. Habitual physical exercise has been advocated to combat these physiological dysfunctions. However, exercise is remarkably diverse, as it can be performed in different media (water, land or snow), seasons (winter or summer), and settings (individual, pair or team). In contrast to mainstream modes of exercise including walking and running, many of the alternative or “minor” forms of exercise have been under-researched by investigators in research fields and overlooked by clinicians and practitioners in clinical settings. It remains largely unknown whether these alternative forms of exercise are associated with favorable changes in arterial stiffness and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The current review introduces and summarizes research investigations that evaluated the impacts of these under-appreciated and overlooked exercises and their impacts on key markers of vascular functions in humans.

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The effect of Bikram yoga on endothelial function in young and middle-aged and older adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Doppler Evaluation of Common Carotid Artery Haemodynamic Parameters in Patients With Essential Hypertension After Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercises

Doppler Evaluation of Common Carotid Artery Haemodynamic Parameters in Patients With Essential Hypertension After Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercises

Effects of yoga interventions practised in heated and thermoneutral conditions on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation: The Bikram yoga heart study

Under-appreciated and Overlooked Modes of Exercises on Key Vascular Functions

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