The effect of bergamot (KoksalGarry) supplementation on lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to evaluate the impact of bergamot (KoksalGarry) and its nutraceutical compounds on lipid profiles. PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar searched for relevant articles. Trials investigating the effect of oral bergamot supplementation on serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in adults were included. The mean differences and standard deviations were pooled using a random‐effects model. Fourteen trials were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. Bergamot supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of TC (weighted mean difference (WMD): −63.60 mg/dL; 95% CI: −78.03 to −49.18; p < .001), TG (WMD: −74.72 mg/dL; 95% CI: −83.58 to −65.87; p < .001), LDL‐C (WMD: −55.43 mg/dL; 95% CI: −67.26 to −43.60; p < .001), and increased HDL‐C (WMD: 5.78 mg/dL; 95% CI: 3.27 to 8.28; p < .001), respectively. Our systematic review of the effects of nutraceuticals containing bergamot on lipid markers showed inconsistent results. The results showed that bergamot supplementation might improve lipid profiles. The findings for nutraceutical compounds containing bergamot were inconsistent. However, the clinical efficacy of bergamot on lipid profiles needs to be further established through higher‐quality studies.

Enrichment of Cookies with Fruits and Their By-Products: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Sensory Changes

“…Laganà et al [ 79 ] studied the effect of replacing wheat flour in manufactured cookies with pressed and dried bergamot pulp. Bergamot is a source of polyphenolic compounds, such as neoeriocitrin, rutin, neohesperidin, and naringin [ 80 ]. A citrus by-product known as Pastazzo caused significant disposal problems in recent years [ 81 ].…”

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Dry Artichoke and Bergamot Extracts on Metabolic and Vascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Suboptimal Cholesterol Levels

“…In particular, a meta-analysis of nine randomized clinical trials on the effects of artichoke extract on plasma lipids showed TC (weighted mean difference (WMD): −17.6 mg/dL, 95%CI: −22.0 to −13.3, p < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD: −14.9 mg/dL, 95%CI: −20.4 to −9.5, p = 0.011) and TG (WMD: −9.2 mg/dL, 95%CI: −16.2 to −2.1, p < 0.011), without a significant change in HDL-C concentrations [ 38 ]. Moreover, a further recent meta-analysis of 14 randomized clinical trials has concluded that bergamot extracts are able to decrease TC (WMD: −63.6 mg/dL; 95%CI: −78.0 to −49.2; p < 0.001), TG (WMD: −74.7 mg/dL; 95%CI: −83.6 to −65.9; p < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD: −55.4 mg/dL; 95%CI: −67.3 to −43.6; p < 0.001) and increase HDL-C (WMD: 5.8 mg/dL; 95%CI: 3.3 to 8.3; p < 0.001), respectively, in humans [ 39 ]. However, in both cases, the best lipid-lowering effect has been obtained with more than one tablet per day [ 40 ].…”

Short-Term Effect of Nutraceutical Fruit Juices on Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Acquired Hypercholesterolemia

“…Each 100 mL bottle contained: Kiwi [ 29 ], Annurca apple [ 22 ], bergamot [ 30 ] and grape juice [ 31 ]; Two grams of phytosterols; Red yeast rice containing 2.9 mg of monacolins from Monascus purpureus ; 100 mg of berberine complexed with β-cyclodextrin. …”