The effect of bathymetry on tsunami characteristics at Sisano Lagoon, Papua New Guinea

Matsuyama, Masafumi; Walsh, J. P.; Yeh, Harry

doi:10.1029/1999gl005412

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Titov and Gonzalez, 1998;Davies, 1998;Kawata et al, 1999;Matsuyama et al, 1999). The location of the earthquake epicentre just offshore and to the northwest of Sissano would have resulted in an almost immediate wave impact, not corresponding to the ∼20 min delay reported by survivors.…”

Section: The Papua New Guinea Tsunami Of 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the first published results of the marine surveys identified a slump as the likely source , translational landslide sources were still considered to be the most likely mechanism of failure and tsunami generation (e.g. Matsuyama et al, 1999;Geist, 2000). With no local tide gauge data, the reports from survivors on the 20 min time lag between the earthquake and tsunami were discounted (e.g.…”

Section: The Papua New Guinea Tsunami Of 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matsuyama et al, 1999;Satake and Tanioka, 1999;Tanioka, 1999;Geist, 2000). Far-field earthquake evidence was used to justify a steeply-dipping thrust as the rupture mechanism (Kikuchi et al, 1999), despite the fact that this was unlikely because the aftershock distribution indicated a shallow dipping rupture (McCue, 1998).…”

Section: The Papua New Guinea Tsunami Of 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event

Tappin

Watts²,

Grilli

2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

242

150

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Abstract. The Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami of July 1998 was a seminal event because it demonstrated that relatively small and relatively deepwater Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs) can cause devastating local tsunamis that strike without warning. There is a comprehensive data set that proves this event was caused by a submarine slump. Yet, the source of the tsunami has remained controversial. This controversy is attributed to several causes. Before the PNG event, it was questionable as to whether SMFs could cause devastating tsunamis. As a result, only limited modelling of SMFs as tsunami sources had been undertaken, and these excluded slumps. The results of these models were that SMFs in general were not considered to be a potential source of catastrophic tsunamis. To effectively model a SMF requires fairly detailed geological data, and these too had been lacking. In addition, qualitative data, such as evidence from survivors, tended to be disregarded in assessing alternative tsunami sources. The use of marine geological data to identify areas of recent submarine failure was not widely applied.The disastrous loss of life caused by the PNG tsunami resulted in a major investigation into the area offshore of the devastated coastline, with five marine expeditions taking place. This was the first time that a focussed, large-scale, international programme of marine surveying had taken place so soon after a major tsunami. It was also the first time that such a comprehensive data set became the basis for tsunami simulations. The use of marine mapping subsequently led to a larger involvement of marine geologists in the study of tsunamis, expanding the knowledge base of those studying the threat from SMF hazards. This paper provides an overview of the PNG tsunami and its impact on tsunami science. It presents revised interpretations of the slump arCorrespondence to: D. R. Tappin (drta@bgs.ac.uk) chitecture based on new seabed relief images and, using these, the most comprehensive tsunami simulation of the PNG event to date. Simulation results explain the measured runups to a high degree. The PNG tsunami has made a major impact on tsunami science. It is one of the most studied SMF tsunamis, yet it remains the only one known of its type: a slump.

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Section: The Papua New Guinea Tsunami Of 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Papua New Guinea Tsunami Of 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Papua New Guinea Tsunami Of 1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event

Tappin

Watts²,

Grilli

2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

242

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In practice, most of the uncertainties associated with PTHA are epistemic in that collection of additional data decreases the level of uncertainty (e.g., higher resolution bathymetry improves the accuracy of numerical propagation computations, Matsuyama et al, 1999). For a few parameters such as event-to-event variations in slip distribution, uncertainty is inherent in the physics of earthquake rupture (i.e.…”

Section: Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Analysis of Tsunami Hazards*

2006

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Abstract. Determining the likelihood of a disaster is a key component of any comprehensive hazard assessment. This is particularly true for tsunamis, even though most tsunami hazard assessments have in the past relied on scenario or deterministic type models. We discuss probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) from the standpoint of integrating computational methods with empirical analysis of past tsunami runup. PTHA is derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), with the main difference being that PTHA must account for far-field sources. The computational methods rely on numerical tsunami propagation models rather than empirical attenuation relationships as in PSHA in determining ground motions. Because a number of source parameters affect local tsunami runup height, PTHA can become complex and computationally intensive. Empirical analysis can function in one of two ways, depending on the length and completeness of the tsunami catalog. For sitespecific studies where there is sufficient tsunami runup data available, hazard curves can primarily be derived from empirical analysis, with computational methods used to highlight deficiencies in the tsunami catalog. For region-wide analyses and sites where there are little to no tsunami data, a computationally based method such as Monte Carlo simulation is the primary method to establish tsunami hazards. Two case studies that describe how computational and empirical methods can be integrated are presented for Acapulco, Mexico (site-specific) and the U.S. Pacific Northwest coastline (region-wide analysis).

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“…Landslide generated tsunamis are known to cause significant impacts locally. While these events have been documented in the past (such as the Lituya Bay event in 1958, discussed in Miller 1960), the topic has received more attention recently due to the 1998 PNG event (e.g., Matsuyama, et al 1999;Tappin, et al 2001; although the cause of this tsunami is still controversial). The topic involves many uncertain factors including the behavior of the landslide itself.…”

Section: Examples Of Future Large-scale Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NEES Multidirectional Wave Basin for Tsunami Research

Yim¹,

Yeh²,

Cox³

et al. 2004

Coastal Structures 2003

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Oregon State is upgrading its multidirectional wave basin under the National Science Foundation Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) program to create a next-generation experimental testing facility for research and practicing engineers. The new facility addresses the unique requirements posed by tsunami researchers, with basin dimensions and wave generation capabilities closely matching the community's vision of the "ideal basin". When completed in 2004, the basin will support high resolution, unprecedented-scale experiments with very dense instrumentation. Researchers will be able to test and validate advanced analytical and numerical models of general environmental fluid mechanics issues in coastal science and engineering including tsunami phenomena induced by sub-sea earthquakes, spanning a full range of ocean, coastal, and harbor studies. An integral part of the upgraded facility is the exploitation of advanced network technologies to allow researchers located at distant sites to play active roles in experiments at the facility, viewing data and images in real time and participating in decision-making. The broader research community will benefit from this large long-wave experiment facility, a comprehensive experiment databank, with specialized interfaces for experiment re-play, searching and browsing archives of past experiments, extraction of experimental data for use in validating numerical models, and a community repository for numerical simulation codes. A summary of the progress on basin building, wave generator and network system design, construction, installation and planned research will be presented.

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The effect of bathymetry on tsunami characteristics at Sisano Lagoon, Papua New Guinea

Cited by 65 publications

References 5 publications

The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event

The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event

Probabilistic Analysis of Tsunami Hazards*

NEES Multidirectional Wave Basin for Tsunami Research

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