The Effect of Bangerter Filters on Binocular Function in Observers With Amblyopia

Chen, Zidong; Li, Jinrong; Thompson, Benjamin; Deng, Daming; Yuan, Jiani; Chan, L. K.; Hess, Robert F.; Yu, Minbin

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15224

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As demonstrated in Figure 4a and 4c , imbalances in monocular sensitivity can have a negative impact on binocular summation when it is calculated relative to the best monocular threshold. Since this is standard practice for many published studies (e.g., Chen et al, 2015 ; Longley & Whitaker, 2016 ; Pardhan & Rose, 1999 ), monocular asymmetries at higher spatial frequencies are a plausible explanation for the apparent changes in binocular summation shown in Figure 3a . But in the spatiotemporal experiment, the raw monocular data were pooled to calculate a single threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Binocular summation revisited: Beyond √2.

Baker¹,

Lygo²,

Meese³

et al. 2018

Psychological Bulletin

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Our ability to detect faint images is better with two eyes than with one, but how great is this improvement? A meta-analysis of 65 studies published across more than 5 decades shows definitively that psychophysical binocular summation (the ratio of binocular to monocular contrast sensitivity) is significantly greater than the canonical value of √2. Several methodological factors were also found to affect summation estimates. Binocular summation was significantly affected by both the spatial and temporal frequency of the stimulus, and stimulus speed (the ratio of temporal to spatial frequency) systematically predicts summation levels, with slow speeds (high spatial and low temporal frequencies) producing the strongest summation. We furthermore show that empirical summation estimates are affected by the ratio of monocular sensitivities, which varies across individuals, and is abnormal in visual disorders such as amblyopia. A simple modeling framework is presented to interpret the results of summation experiments. In combination with the empirical results, this model suggests that there is no single value for binocular summation, but instead that summation ratios depend on methodological factors that influence the strength of a nonlinearity occurring early in the visual pathway, before binocular combination of signals. Best practice methodological guidelines are proposed for obtaining accurate estimates of neural summation in future studies, including those involving patient groups with impaired binocular vision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Binocular summation revisited: Beyond √2.

Baker¹,

Lygo²,

Meese³

et al. 2018

Psychological Bulletin

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show abstract

“…Recently, several quantitative methods have been introduced and successfully applied in amblyopic patients. For example, a method under the framework of global motion coherence is available to quantify interocular suppression 31 32 33 and has been successfully applied in the clinical population 19 34 35 36 . Meanwhile, Huang and colleagues have developed a binocular cyclopean phase combination and contrast matching task 37 38 based on the contrast gain-control theory introduced by Ding 39 40 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocular perceptual learning of contrast detection facilitates binocular combination in adults with anisometropic amblyopia

Chen

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Perceptual learning in contrast detection improves monocular visual function in adults with anisometropic amblyopia; however, its effect on binocular combination remains unknown. Given that the amblyopic visual system suffers from pronounced binocular functional loss, it is important to address how the amblyopic visual system responds to such training strategies under binocular viewing conditions. Anisometropic amblyopes (n = 13) were asked to complete two psychophysical supra-threshold binocular summation tasks: (1) binocular phase combination and (2) dichoptic global motion coherence before and after monocular training to investigate this question. We showed that these participants benefited from monocular training in terms of binocular combination. More importantly, the improvements observed with the area under log CSF (AULCSF) were found to be correlated with the improvements in binocular phase combination.

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“…We tried binocularity-stimulating treatment using BF and HMD games. Chen et al [ 28 ] reported that BF can immediately reduce suppression and promote binocular summation for mid/low spatial frequencies in observers with amblyopia. In addition, we previously developed a new software program that directly targets binocular function with dichoptic presentation [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of binocularity-stimulating treatment in children with residual amblyopia following occlusion

Lee

Kim

2018

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundTo evaluate the effectiveness of binocularity-stimulating treatment in children with residual amblyopia following occlusion therapy for more than 6 months.MethodsOf patients with amblyopia caused by anisometropia and/or strabismus, patients with residual amblyopia following more than 6 months of occlusion therapy were included. Subjects underwent one of the following types of binocularity-stimulating therapy: Bangerter foil (BF), head-mounted display (HMD) game, or BF/HMD combination (BF + HMD). Factors including age, sex, types of amblyopia, visual acuity, and duration of treatment were investigated. Baseline and final (after at least 2 months of treatment) visual acuity were also compared.ResultsTwenty-two patients with a mean age of 8.7 ± 1.3 years were included. Seven patients had anisometropic amblyopia, 8 patients had strabismic amblyopia, and 7 patients had combined amblyopia. After 4.4 ± 1.8 months of treatment, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity in the amblyopic eye improved from 0.22 ± 0.20 to 0.18 ± 0.15. Five of 22 patients (22.7%) gained more than 0.2 logMAR, including 1 of 10 patients (10.0%) in the BF group, 2 of 7 patients (28.6%) in the HMD group, and 2 of 5 patients (40.0%) in the BF + HMD group. No significant differences in clinical characteristics were identified among the three groups.ConclusionsBinocularity-stimulating therapy is somewhat beneficial in children with residual amblyopia and might be attempted when children no longer benefit from sufficient long-term period of occlusion therapy.

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The Effect of Bangerter Filters on Binocular Function in Observers With Amblyopia

Abstract: Bangerter filters can immediately reduce suppression and promote binocular summation for mid/low spatial frequencies in observers with amblyopia.

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Binocular summation revisited: Beyond √2.

Binocular summation revisited: Beyond √2.

Monocular perceptual learning of contrast detection facilitates binocular combination in adults with anisometropic amblyopia

Effectiveness of binocularity-stimulating treatment in children with residual amblyopia following occlusion

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