The Effect of Background Stimulative Music on Behavior in Alzheimer's Patients

Ziv, Naomi; Granot, Amit; Hai, Sharon; Dassa, Ayelet; Haimov, Iris

doi:10.1093/jmt/44.4.329

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Several studies have linked music to a decrease in agitation and/or apathy in persons with dementia 31–33 and an increase in positive social behaviors. 34 Gotell et al 35 found that music increased awareness of and interest in their environment in persons with dementia. Our results agree with those findings in that music produced significantly higher levels of interest and pleasure than the baseline condition ( P < .001 for both in paired-sample t tests; results are available from the authors).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Stimuli on Affect in Persons With Dementia

Cohen‐Mansfield¹,

Marx²,

Thein³

et al. 2011

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Objective To examine how presentation of different stimuli impacts affect in nursing home residents with dementia. Method Participants were 193 residents aged 60 to 101 years from 7 Maryland nursing homes who had a diagnosis of dementia (derived from the medical chart or obtained from the attending physician). Cognitive functioning was assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and data pertaining to activities of daily living were obtained through the Minimum Data Set. Affect was assessed using observations of the 5 moods from Lawton’s Modified Behavior Stream. Baseline observations of affect were performed for comparisons. During the study, each participant was presented with 25 predetermined engagement stimuli in random order over a period of 3 weeks. Stimuli were categorized as live social, simulated social, manipulative, work/task-related, music, reading, or individualized to the participant’s self-identity. The dates of data collection were 2005–2007. Results Differences between stimulus categories were significant for pleasure (F6,144 = 25.137, P < .001) and interest (F6,144 = 18.792, P < .001) but not for negative affect. Pleasure and interest were highest for the live social category, followed by self-identity and simulated social stimuli for pleasure, and for manipulative stimuli in terms of the effect on interest. The lowest levels of pleasure and interest were observed for music. Participants with higher cognitive function had significantly higher pleasure (F1,97 = 6.27, P < .05). Although the general trend of the impact of the different categories was similar for different levels of cognitive function, there were significant differences in pleasure in response to specific stimuli (interaction effect: F6,92 = 2.31, P < .05). Overall, social stimuli have the highest impact on affect in persons with dementia. Conclusions The findings of the present study are important, as affect is a major indicator of quality of life and this study is the first to systematically examine the impact of specific types of stimuli on affect. As live social stimuli are not always readily available, particularly in busy nursing home environments, simulated social stimuli can serve as an effective substitute, and other stimuli should have a role in the activity tool kit in the nursing home. The relative ranking of stimuli was different for interest and pleasure. The findings demonstrate the differential effect of presentation of different types of stimuli on the affect of persons with dementia, and that, while the impact is greater on persons with higher levels of cognitive function, there is a different effect of varying stimuli even in persons with MMSE scores of 3 or lower. Future research should attempt to ascertain a person’s degree of interest in stimuli prior to developing an intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Stimuli on Affect in Persons With Dementia

Cohen‐Mansfield¹,

Marx²,

Thein³

et al. 2011

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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“…According to these studies, moderate effects of any form of music therapy may be effective in reducing dementia troubles. Thus, those studies have showed the benefits of music therapy in Alzheimer's patients, focusing either on the improvement of healthy cognition, such as autobiographical memory [20–22], semantic memory [23], language ability [24], and cognitive function [21], or on neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as agitation [25–27], apathy [28], depression, and anxiety [29]. Furthermore, several studies showed that the musical familiarity can elicit certain affective responses [20, 24, 30–33], even also new musical stimuli could do it [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since music therapy might be able to enhance aspects such as the affective state, behaviour, life experiences or a person's life history by providing access to lost memories of life events and people [20, 21, 24, 25]—which are considered aspects of SC—, we set out to determine whether familiar songs could enhance self-consciousness in patients with Alzheimer's disease. So, the purpose of our study was to examine the impact of familiar musical intervention versus nonfamiliar musical intervention on several aspects of SC in AD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiar Music as an Enhancer of Self-Consciousness in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Arroyo-Anlló

Díaz²,

Gil

2013

BioMed Research International

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The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of familiar music on self-consciousness (SC) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, two AD groups of 20 patients matched by age, educational level, gender, illness duration, and cognitive state were assessed using an SC questionnaire before and after music intervention. The SC questionnaire measured several aspects: personal identity, anosognosia, affective state, body representation, prospective memory, introspection and moral judgments. One AD group received familiar music stimulation and another AD group unfamiliar music stimulation over three months. The AD patients who received a familiar music intervention showed a stabilization or improvement in aspects of SC. By contrast, control AD group showed a deterioration of most of the SC aspects after unfamiliar music stimulation, except the SC aspects of body representation and affective state. Familiar music stimulation could be considered as an enhancer of SC in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

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“…The results showed a significant increase in positive social behaviors as well as a decrease in negative behaviors (eg, agitation, aggression, wandering) when the music was played in the background. 100 Finally, Garland et al 101 compared the effects of exposure to 3 types of 15-minute audiotapes (comprising favorite music, simulated family presence, or text reading) to the usual care situation in 30 nursing home PWDs with frequent behavioral disturbances. All auditory stimuli, including music, were found to temporarily reduce the amount of physically and verbally agitated behaviors.…”

Section: Caregiver-implemented Musical Activities and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Music, Emotion, and Dementia: Insight From Neuroscientific and Clinical Research

Särkämö¹,

Laitinen²,

Tervaniemi³

et al. 2012

Music and Medicine

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Music has an important meaning in the lives of many elderly persons. Its capacity to evoke emotions and influence mood and arousal is often relatively well preserved also in dementia. Neuroscientific and clinical research has increased our understanding about the mechanisms underlying music enjoyment and its therapeutic effects. This article reviews previous studies that address the neural basis of music cognition and emotion. We also introduce the effects of varying music interventions on emotional and cognitive functioning in dementia. Findings suggest that both traditional music therapy and caregiver-implemented music activities may have the capacity to reduce emotional and behavioral disturbances in dementia, although firm conclusions about the longterm effects of music still remain elusive. The rapid growth of dementia warrants study in the rehabilitative effects of everyday musical leisure activities or hobbies, such as music listening and singing, on well-being in dementia, especially in its early stages.The general world population is aging rapidly. Inevitably, the number of elderly persons with dementia (PWD) will also be increasing even more in the future. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that the prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias was 24.2 million people in 2004. 1 In 2010, an estimated 35.6 million people worldwide were living with dementia, and this number was estimated to nearly double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050. 2 The direct and indirect costs of dementia to the society are also massive, totaling around 604 billion USD in 2010. 3 Thus, we can already speak of a true dementia epidemic that will present an enormous challenge to the society and to the health care system, which in many countries is already struggling to provide adequate services for the rapidly aging population.Globally, family caregivers are at the cornerstone of support for most PWDs. It has been estimated that approximately 73% of PWDs in developed countries live at home and are cared for by their family members, primarily retired spouses. 3 The exponential growth of dementia and the enormous cost of its institutional care will greatly increase the need for more outpatient and family care in the future. However, the role of the family caregiver is often demanding, and caregivers typically experience substantial burden and psychological distress as well as economic hardship. 4 Nurses who work with PWDs in long-term care institutions are often under considerable strain in their work, usually brought about by difficulties in coping with the severe neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms and agitated behavior of the patients. 5,6 Even as numerous drug treatments have been developed to slow the progression of AD symptoms, it is currently unlikely that any single medical cure for AD will be found, 7 thus emphasizing the need for more effective nonpharmacological treatments. According to a recent systematic review, many efficacious nonpharmacological interventions, s...

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The Effect of Background Stimulative Music on Behavior in Alzheimer's Patients

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Stimuli on Affect in Persons With Dementia

The Impact of Stimuli on Affect in Persons With Dementia

Familiar Music as an Enhancer of Self-Consciousness in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Music, Emotion, and Dementia: Insight From Neuroscientific and Clinical Research

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