The effect of apremilast therapy on skin cytokine levels in patients with psoriasis

Abstract

Objective — Assessment of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (apremilast) therapy’s influence on skin cytokine levels in patients with moderate-to-severe and severe psoriasis. Material and Methods — An open, uncontrolled study was conducted. 16 patients with plaque psoriasis (13 men, 3 women; mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 35.1±9.7 years, range 21-60) were enrolled. The mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was 20.7±8.93 (range 10-47). All patients were prescribed apremilast 30 milligrams (mg) per os (PO) Bis In Die (BID). The efficacy of therapy was evaluated by PASI at 14 and 26 weeks of therapy. Lesional skin samples were collected at baseline and weeks 14 and 26. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL -33, interferon (INF)-γ, Soluble CD40-ligand (sCD40L), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by microsphere-based suspension array technology (Luminex® xMAP™ system). Results — Levels of cytokines (except IL-4 and IL-33) in lesional skin samples were found to have decreased at week 14 compared with those at baseline. Similar decreases were seen for IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, sCD40L at week 26. In contrast, the levels of other cytokines increased again at week 26, in comparison with baseline. Levels of IL-4 and IL-33 rose throughout the follow-up period. Cytokine levels in lesional skin samples were compared with those of healthy controls both at baseline and during therapy. Conclusion — The results of our study show that administering apremilast therapy to patients with psoriasis can bring the levels of cytokines involved in the IL-23/IL-17 axis in the lesional skin to the level of cytokine in non-lesional skin and to the levels in the skin of healthy individuals.

Apremilast Pharmacogenomics in Russian Patients with Moderate-to-Severe and Severe Psoriasis

“…It has been shown that 33% of patients receiving apremilast achieved 75% or greater reduction from baseline versus those assigned to the placebo arm at week 16, whereas 61% patients achieved 75% at week 32 versus those assigned to the placebo. Almost the same figures were obtained during the clinical characterization of patients enrolled in the present study [ 3 , 20 ]. Considering the drug’s long-term application, the expense of apremilast therapy, and the differences in drug response, it is reasonable to find personalized approaches for apremilast administration.…”

“…As such, this suppresses the PV pathway. On the other hand, PDE4 inhibition was reported to suppress the production of the IL-10 anti-inflammatory mediator and to increase the production of IL-6, which has both pro- and anti-inflammatory characteristics [ 20 ]. The side effects of apremilast are caused by PDE4 inhibition, which affects other organs (i.e., the adipose tissue) that may lead to weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms (i.e., nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea).…”

Effect of PUVA and NB-UVB Therapy on the Skin Cytokine Profile in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides

“…e end-product suspensions were frozen and stored at -80 °S until further multiplex immunological analysis was performed. [14]. e study was performed in duplicates using an automatic microplate washing station Bio-Plex Pro Wash Station (Bio-Rad) and a microplate shaker (Biosan).…”