The effect of apparent temperature on hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in rural areas of Pingliang, China

Abstract

Introduction and Objective.There is a well-reported association between temperature and the relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in urban areas in China. However, insufficient research has been performed in rural areas. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between apparent temperature (AT) and the RR of CVD hospital admissions in rural areas of Pingliang, northwest China. Materials and method. Daily data and weather conditions were collected in Pingliang from 2014-2015. The median value of AT was selected to estimate the RR of CVD, and the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) used to examine the relationship between AT and the RR of CVD admissions for up to 21 days. Results. The results showed a nonlinear relationship between AT and the RR of CVD admissions. Regarding the heat effect, there was a protective effect. Meanwhile, the cold effect on the RR of CVD admissions appeared at day 0 and persisted until day 21, resulting in a cumulative RR of 2.304 (95%CI: 1.809-2.936) compared with the median value of AT, and the maximum RR appeared at about -5 °.The cumulative RR values of CVD on men and adults were more sensitive than those on women and elders in the cold effect. Conclusions. AT is associated with the hospitalization of CVD patients. Both gender and age factors were associated with the increase in RR of CVD admissions. More preventive measures should be taken to avoid this adverse effect.

Short-Term Changes in Weather Conditions and the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalization with and without ST-Segment Elevation: A Focus on Vulnerable Subgroups

“…The older adult population generally presents with multiple comorbidities associated with a compromised immune system and reduced capacity to adapt to climate changes, rendering them the most vulnerable to short-term variations in meteorological factors. Contrary to our reported findings, an epidemiological study conducted in a rural area of China showed a higher increase in the risk of hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases among adults compared to older adult patients, particularly in conditions of low apparent temperature [ 26 ].…”

“…Many prior epidemiological investigations have examined the correlation between the occurrence of acute coronary disease and the average levels of meteorological factors, typically assessing values from the day of admission or within a few days or weeks preceding hospitalization [ 10 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies have delved into the impact of meteorological parameter variations on the risk of STEMI and NSTE-ACS in vulnerable subcategories, including those with major cardiovascular risk factors [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

“…This suggests that men exhibit greater susceptibility to climate changes, particularly atmospheric pressure variations. Other studies have identified males as one of the most vulnerable groups, while additional epidemiological data have observed that females may be more susceptible to short-term weather changes [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In the age subgroup and among patients with cardiovascular risk factors, our findings show that the most susceptible category to climate variations was older adults, followed by hypertensive patients and, lastly, diabetics.…”

Heatwave Definition and Impact on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review

“…The most frequently used meteorological measure as heat indicator was air TEMP, applied in 56 of 57 cases. In nine studies, air TEMP was included in the computation of more complex indices, such as “Apparent Temperature” [ 42 , 53 , 60 , 71 , 76 , 83 ], “Perceived Temperature” [ 39 ], “Pseudo-equivalent daily temperature” [ 88 ] or “Discomfort Score” [ 56 ], by combining it with relative humidity, water vapor pressure, dew point TEMP, wind speed and/or heat radiation. The relevant calculation formulas are summarized in Table 2 , except for “Perceived Temperature” [ 39 ] as it was not provided in the relevant study.…”

Socio environmental determinants of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization risk in arid and semi-arid regions – a case study for Gonabad city,Iran 2017-2022

“…The effect of hot temperatures on emergency hospital admissions for CVDs was reported widely in different climate situation regions [30][31][32]. Harvesting and agricultural activities intensify the effect of hot temperatures in arid and semi-arid regions.…”