The effect of antivirals on COVID-19: a systematic review

Hussain, Nafisa; Yoganathan, Anusha; Hewage, Savini; Alom, Samiha; Harky, Amer

doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1823832

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Remdesivir is currently in clinical trial evaluation for the treatment of COVID-19 in various countries including France (NCT04365725), USA (NCT04431453), Canada (NCT04330690), Egypt (NCT04345419) (Table 1). Remdesivir is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials in the USA, but on May 1st, 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization for Remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients [70][71][72].…”

Section: Potential Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

Chilamakuri

Agarwal

2021

Cells

200

172

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Novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), which suddenly emerged in December 2019 is still haunting the entire human race and has affected not only the healthcare system but also the global socioeconomic balances. COVID-19 was quickly designated as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization as there have been about 98.0 million confirmed cases and about 2.0 million confirmed deaths, as of January 2021. Although, our understanding of COVID-19 has significantly increased since its outbreak, and multiple treatment approaches and pharmacological interventions have been tested or are currently under development to mitigate its risk-factors. Recently, some vaccine candidates showed around 95% clinical efficacy, and now receiving emergency use approvals in different countries. US FDA recently approved BNT162 and mRNA-1273 vaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Inc. for emergency use and vaccination in the USA. In this review, we present a succinct overview of the SARS-CoV-2 virus structure, molecular mechanisms of infection, COVID-19 epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations. We also systematize different treatment strategies and clinical trials initiated after the pandemic outbreak, based on viral infection and replication mechanisms. Additionally, we reviewed the novel pharmacological intervention approaches and vaccine development strategies against COVID-19. We speculate that the current pandemic emergency will trigger detailed studies of coronaviruses, their mechanism of infection, development of systematic drug repurposing approaches, and novel drug discoveries for current and future pandemic outbreaks.

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Section: Potential Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

Chilamakuri

Agarwal

2021

Cells

200

172

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“…Antiviral agents, monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressive agents have been used to suppress both viral replication and the cytokine storms. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 The responses of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 to antivirals and monoclonal antibodies are variable. Therefore, it has not been possible to formulate a universal treatment protocol against COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of mycophenolate in COVID-19: a nonrandomised prospective study in western India

Sajgure¹,

Kulkarni²,

Joshi³

et al. 2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

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“…Besides, irrational antibacterial consumption, widespread antivirals used in COVID-19 patients remained common. Various antivirals have been used since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, however further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of antivirals [ 47 ] but only a few participants were indicating this issue and started to review antiviral as stewardship activity in their facility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Mixed Impact on Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities: A Qualitative Study in UK-Based Hospitals

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-known global threat due to the subsequent increase in antimicrobial usage. Several antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies have been implemented to curb irrational prescribing and reduce the AMR burden. However, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has enormously impacted the healthcare system and jeopardized public health, causing millions of deaths globally. Our semi-structured qualitative study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on AMS activities in the UK hospitals. Seventeen interviews were conducted with health care professionals who were part of AMS teams (consultant medical microbiologists, infectious disease consultants, antimicrobial pharmacists). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. An inductive thematic framework was adopted to analyse and create the themes. After agreement of the hierarchical framework definition, all transcripts were coded accordingly. Four main themes and 15 sub-themes were identified. These main themes were: (1) AMS activities or strategies before and during the pandemic; (2) challenges to implementing AMS activities before and during the pandemic; (3) information from public authorities on AMS during the pandemic; and (4) new AMS activities/strategies adopted during the pandemic. Staff vacancies, redeploying of AMS staff to other duties and meeting the burden related to the COVID-19 and lack of resources were the most frequently identified contributing factors to withheld AMS activities during the pandemic. However, modifications to the hybrid working environment, i.e., remote or flexible working, allowed for resumption of AMS activities including virtual ward rounds, virtual meetings and other activities. Further research needs to assess the impact of the hybrid delivery system on AMS activities.

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The effect of antivirals on COVID-19: a systematic review

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

Safety and efficacy of mycophenolate in COVID-19: a nonrandomised prospective study in western India

COVID-19 Mixed Impact on Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities: A Qualitative Study in UK-Based Hospitals

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