The effect of antioxidant enzyme levels and exercise on syndrome X and coronary slow flow phenomenon: an observational study

Kaplan, Özgür; Meriç, Murat; Acar, Zeydin; Kale, Abdurrahman; Demircan, Sabri; Yılmaz, Özcan; Demircan, Günnur; Miroğlu, Yeliz Yılmaz

doi:10.5152/akd.2013.186

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Oster et al ( 31 ) reported that cardiac output correlates positively with cardiac Cu in patients with CHD. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase was decreased in patients examined 6 months after myocardial infarction ( 32 ) and in patients with coronary slow flow ( 33 ) . Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase protects against oxidative damage and depends on Cu for activity ( 34 ) .…”

Section: The Copper Deficiency Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

IHD from copper deficiency: a unified theory

Klevay

2016

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The theory, in brief outline here, implicating deficiency of Cu in the aetiology and pathophysiology of IHD explains more attributes of the disease than any other theory. This theory satisfies several of Hill's criteria of a half-century ago for deducing association between an environmental feature and presence of an illness. Most important is the temporal association between the rise of IHD and the decrease in dietary Cu since the 1930s along with a parallel increase in the supplementation of pregnant women with Fe, a Cu antagonist. There are more than eighty anatomical, chemical and physiological similarities between animals deficient in Cu and individuals with IHD. Few of these similarities have been produced by other dietary manipulations because feeding cholesterol induces Cu deficiency in animals. The most recent of these to be identified is decreased serum dehydroepiandrosterone. Some concomitant aspects of Cu metabolism and utilisation have been identified in other theories about heart disease: fetal programming, homocysteine, and Fe overload.

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Section: The Copper Deficiency Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

IHD from copper deficiency: a unified theory

Klevay

2016

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…No single underlying mechanism has been identified for the condition. Small vessel coronary artery disease, abnormal coronary vascular resistance, and subendocardial ischemia have been invoked as possible mechanisms, although none of these factors is universally accepted ( 3 , 4 ). Several studies have found abnormalities consistent with myocardial perfusion in patients with CSX using positron emission tomography ( 5 ), scintigraphic myocardial perfusion imaging ( 6 ), and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the left ventricular systolic function in cardiac syndrome X using speckle tracking echocardiography

Yağmur¹,

Açıkgöz²,

Cansel³

et al. 2015

Anatol J Cardiol

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Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic strain by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3-DE) for the early detection of myocardial dysfunction in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX).Methods:We compared 34 patients with CSX (18 females, mean age 47.9±10.0 years) with 41 healthy persons as a control group (23 females, mean age 50.6±9.9 years). Inclusion criteria for CSX were typical angina, a positive exercise ECG stress test, and angiographically documented normal coronary arteries. Exclusion criteria for both groups were hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, inflammatory diseases, myocarditis, vasculitis, arthropathies, Tietze's syndrome, gastrointestinal diseases, aortic diseases, hormone replacement therapy, arrhythmias, liver diseases, and alcohol use. All subjects underwent two-dimensional STE and 3-DE to assess resting LV function. STE measures were taken from the basal septum, mid-septum, apical septum, apex, apicolateral, mid-lateral, basal lateral, anteroseptal, anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral, inferior, and inferoseptal walls. Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and chi-square test were used to statistically analyze data.Results:LV echo ejection fraction (EF) and systolic wave peak velocity were similar for both groups. Regional mean longitudinal strain (-17.7±2.5% vs. -19.8±1.8%; p<0.0001) was significantly lower in patients with CSX than in healthy control patients. However, regional mean circumferential strain values (-22.0±1.6% vs. -22.2±2.3%; p=0.78) did not differ significantly between the two groups.Conclusion:Significant impairment of LV longitudinal myocardial systolic function was detected with STE in patients with CSX, although normal 3-D EF and tissue Doppler imaging systolic parameters were observed. Arteriosclerosis of small coronary arteries and microvascular dysfunction may affect myocardial longitudinal strain.

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“…The Nrf-2-antioxidant response element (AR E) signaling pathway regulates the encoding of antioxidant proteins through various interactions, and it is the central regulator of cellular antioxidant responses (33). The ARE, which is a cis-acting enhancer sequence of many antioxidant enzyme/protein gene upstream, is one of the defense mechanisms which enables the body to deal with oxidative stress (34). Previous findings have shown that Nrf-2 adjusts the encoding of antioxidant genes by interacting with ARE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous findings have shown that Nrf-2 adjusts the encoding of antioxidant genes by interacting with ARE. Under normal conditions, Nrf-2 is localized in the cytoplasm, combined with the cytoplasmic protein Keap1; when subjected to attack from ROS, Nrf-2 dissociates from Keap1, translocates into the nucleus, binds to Maf protein in order to form a heterodimer, which binds to ARE in the gene to activate targeted gene expression as well as to regulate antioxidant enzyme/protein transcription (34,35). Thus, Nrf-2 is a receptor for oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the protection of cells against oxidative stress and it is one of the principal defense mechanisms induced by exposure to exogenous toxic substances (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plumbagin exerts protective effects in nucleus pulposus cells by attenuating hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis through NF-κB and Nrf-2

Ren

Zhu

et al. 2016

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Plumbagin, one of the constituents responsible for the various biological activities of Plumbago zeylanica has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant activity, which may inhibit lipid peroxidation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the present study, we aimed to examine the protective effects of plumbagin as well as the underlying mechansim through which plumbagin attenuates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). For this purpose, the NPCs were incubated with fresh medium containing H2O2 (200 µM) at 37˚C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere for 6 h, and cultured with various concentrations of plumbagin (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 µM). Treatment with plumbagin significantly increased the viability of the H2O2-exposed NPCs in a dose‑dependent manner. Moreover, plumbagin significantly reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the H2O2‑exposed NPCs. Glutathione (GSH) content, as well as the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxdiase (GSH-Px) were increased. We found that the administration of plumbagin significantly inhibited the activity of caspase-9 and -3, and downregulated NF-κB expression and upregulated Nrf-2 expression in the H2O2-exposed NPCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that plumbagin exerts neuroprotective effects in NPCs by attenuating H2O2‑induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis through mediating the expression of NF-κB and Nrf-2.

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The effect of antioxidant enzyme levels and exercise on syndrome X and coronary slow flow phenomenon: an observational study

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

IHD from copper deficiency: a unified theory

IHD from copper deficiency: a unified theory

Assessment of the left ventricular systolic function in cardiac syndrome X using speckle tracking echocardiography

Plumbagin exerts protective effects in nucleus pulposus cells by attenuating hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis through NF-κB and Nrf-2

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