The effect of annealing on hardness, residual stress, and fracture resistance determined by modulation ratios of TiB2/TiAlN multilayers

Sun, Yi; Li, D.J.; Gao, C.K.; Wang, N.; Yan, J.Y.; Dong, Lei; Cao, Meng; Deng, Xiangyun; Gu, Hongfang; Wan, Rongxin

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.05.086

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A thin film with a TiB2 content below 30%, Figure 5c shows that the coating remains adherent to the substrate. The reduced fracture resistance and residual stress in the coating can be attributed to a low hardness of the TiB2 layer, which was not measured as part of this study, but is more likely influenced by the bilayer thickness and modulation period, as reported by other studies [41]. 1and (2).…”

Section: Multi-pass Bi-directional Wear Studiesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Titanium Aluminium Nitride and Titanium Boride Multilayer Coatings Designed to Combat Tool Wear

2017

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The lifetimes and the premature wear of machining tools impact on manufacturing efficiencies and productivities. A significant proportion of machining tool damage can be attributed to component wear. Here, titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) multi-layered with titanium diboride (TiB 2) prepared by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) sputtering onto H-13 substrates are studied as potential wear-resistant coatings for forging die applications. The TiB 2 content has been altered and two-sets of coating systems with a bilayer thickness either less than or greater than 1 µm are investigated by tribological and microstructural analysis. XRD analysis of the multilayers reveals the coatings to be predominately dominated by the TiAlN (200) peak, with additional peaks of TiN (200) and Ti (101) at a TiB 2 content of 9%. Progressive loads increasing to 100 N enabled the friction coefficients and the coating failure at a critical load to be determined. Friction coefficients of around 0.2 have been measured in a coating containing 9% TiB 2 at critical loads of approximately 70 N. Bi-directional wear tests reveal that bilayers with thicknesses greater than 1 µm have frictional coefficients that are approximately 50% lower than those where the bilayer is less than 1 µm. This is due to the greater ability of thicker bilayers to uniformly distribute the stress within the layers. There are two observed frictional coefficient regimes corresponding to a lower and higher rate of material loss. At the lower regime, with TiB 2 contents below 20%, material loss occurs mainly via delamination between the layers, whilst at compositions above this, material loss occurs via a break-up of material into finer particles that in combination with the higher loads results in greater material loss. The measured wear scar volumes for the TiAlN/TiB 2 multilayer coatings are approximately three times lower than those measured on the substrate, thus validating the increased wear resistance offered by these composite coatings.

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Section: Multi-pass Bi-directional Wear Studiesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Titanium Aluminium Nitride and Titanium Boride Multilayer Coatings Designed to Combat Tool Wear

2017

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“…TiB2 has been wildly used for wear parts, seals, cutting tools, and metal matrix composites due to its high hardness and wear resistance [12]. Multilayering TiB2 with metallics (such as Cr [13], Ti [14], FeMn [15]), carbides and nitrides (such as TiAlN [16], TiN [17], TiC [18,19], VC [20], BN [21]), oxides (such as Al2O3 [22]), and carbon-based layers [23] have been reported to further improve the mechanical properties of the TiB2. In our recent work [24], alternating TiB2-dcMS and Cr-HiPIMS layers are used to fabricate TiB2/Cr multilayer films with varying the Cr interlayer thickness, 2 and 5 nm, and the substrate bias during growth of Cr interlayers from floating, to -60 V and -200 V. The results reveal that increasing the substrate bias during Cr interlayer growth from floating to -60 V produces increases of both film hardness and elastic modulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Tib<sub>2</sub>/Cr Multilayer Film by Indentation

Chen¹,

Wu²,

Wang³

2022

Preprint

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Alternating TiB2-dcMS and Cr-HiPIMS layers are used to fabricate TiB2/Cr multilayer films. In-troducing a 5-nm-thick Cr interlayer deposited under a substrate bias of -60 V produces slight increases of both film hardness and elastic modulus. The TEM observation indicates that the Cr grains favor epitaxially growth on TiB2 interlayer, forming a coherent TiB2/Cr interface. This produces the hardness increasement. Mechanic measurement by using AFM illustrates that the coherent interface increases the elastic modulus of the Cr up to ~280 GPa, which is significantly higher than bulk material.

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“…Material combinations mainly of hexagonal TiB 2 and ZrB 2 layers and face-centered cubic TiC or ZrC, [84][85][86] TiN, 84,87 (Ti, Al)N, or (Zr, Al)N (Refs. [88][89][90] and related layer materials have found some interest, while there is much less work published in comparison to, for example, nitride and carbide PVD multilayers. Such coatings have been investigated with respect to their mechanical properties, wear behavior, and performance in tooling applications by systematic variation of bilayer periods, volume fraction and microstructure of the layer materials, and the phase boundary volume fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetron sputtered NiAl/TiBx multilayer thin films

Wójcik

Ott

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et al. 2022

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A

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Transition metal diboride-based thin films are currently receiving strong interest in fundamental and applied research. Multilayer thin films based on transition metal diborides are, however, not yet explored in detail. This study presents results on the constitution and microstructure of multilayer thin films composed of TiBx and the intermetallic compound NiAl. Single layer NiAl and TiBx and NiAl/TiBx multilayer thin films with a variation of the individual layer thickness and bilayer period were deposited by D.C. and R.F. magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates. The impact of the operation mode of the sputtering targets on the microstructure of the thin films was investigated by detailed compositional and structural characterization. The NiAl single layer thin films showed an operation mode-dependent growth in a polycrystalline B2 CsCl structure with a cubic lattice with and without preferred orientation. The TiBx single layer thin films exhibited an operation mode independent crystalline structure with a hexagonal lattice and a pronounced (001) texture. These TiBx layers were significantly Ti-deficient and showed B-excess, resulting in stoichiometry in the range TiB2.64–TiB2.72. Both thin film materials were deposited in a regime corresponding with zone 1 or zone T in the structure zone model of Thornton. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed, however, very homogeneous, dense thin-film microstructures, as well as the existence of dislocation lines in both materials. In the multilayer stacks with various microscale and nanoscale designs, the TiBx layers grew in a similar microstructure with (001) texture, while the NiAl layers were polycrystalline without preferred orientation in microscale design and tended to grow polycrystalline with (211) preferred orientation in nanoscale designs. The dislocation densities at the NiAl/TiBx phase boundaries changed with the multilayer design, suggesting more smooth interfaces for multilayers with microscale design and more disturbed, strained interfaces in multilayers with nanoscale design. In conclusion, the volume fraction of the two-layer materials, their grain size and crystalline structure, and the nature of the interfaces have an impact on the dislocation density and ability to form dislocations in these NiAl/TiBx-based multilayer structures.

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The effect of annealing on hardness, residual stress, and fracture resistance determined by modulation ratios of TiB2/TiAlN multilayers

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Titanium Aluminium Nitride and Titanium Boride Multilayer Coatings Designed to Combat Tool Wear

Titanium Aluminium Nitride and Titanium Boride Multilayer Coatings Designed to Combat Tool Wear

A Comparative Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Tib<sub>2</sub>/Cr Multilayer Film by Indentation

Magnetron sputtered NiAl/TiBx multilayer thin films

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