The effect of an Escherichia coli regulatory mutation on transfer RNA structure

Eisenberg, Stephen P.; Yarus, Michael; Soll, Larry

doi:10.1016/0022-2836(79)90343-7

Cited by 91 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…tRNA:isopentenyltransferases target cishydroxy isopentenylated adenosine residues immediately 3# to the anticodon of the group NNA tRNAs (Eisenberg et al, 1979), such as Cys, Leu, Phe, Try, Trp, and Ser tRNAs, which we detected in the PS. In Arabidopsis, two such tRNA-modifying genes are highly expressed in sink tissues such roots or young leaves, which are described as a source for cis-Zeatin type cytokinin (Miyawaki et al, 2004;Miyawaki et al, 2006).…”

Section: Phloem-delivered Trna Halves As a Potential Long-distance Simentioning

confidence: 75%

The Phloem-Delivered RNA Pool Contains Small Noncoding RNAs and Interferes with Translation

2009

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In plants, the vascular tissue contains the enucleated sieve tubes facilitating long-distance transport of nutrients, hormones, and proteins. In addition, several mRNAs and small interfering RNAs/microRNAs were shown to be delivered via sieve tubes whose content is embodied by the phloem sap (PS). A number of these phloem transcripts are transported from source to sink tissues and function at targeted tissues. To gain additional insights into phloem-delivered RNAs and their potential role in signaling, we isolated and characterized PS RNA molecules distinct from microRNAs/small interfering RNAs with a size ranging from 30 to 90 bases. We detected a high number of full-length and phloem-specific fragments of noncoding RNAs such as tRNAs, ribosomal RNAs, and spliceosomal RNAs in the PS of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). In vitro assays show that small quantities of PS RNA molecules efficiently inhibit translation in an unspecific manner. Proof of concept that PS-specific tRNA fragments may interfere with ribosomal activity was obtained with artificially produced tRNA fragments. The results are discussed in terms of a functional role for long distance delivered noncoding PS RNAs.

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Section: Phloem-delivered Trna Halves As a Potential Long-distance Simentioning

confidence: 75%

The Phloem-Delivered RNA Pool Contains Small Noncoding RNAs and Interferes with Translation

2009

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“…One strategy to determine whether MODS is the structural gene for the yeast IPP transferase is to express this yeast gene in E. coli. E. coli tRNA contains ms2i6A rather than i6A, but the miaA mutant of E. coli lacks N6-(A2-isopentenyl)-2-methylthioadenosine on tRNA because it cannot isopentenylate adenosine (9). Initial experiments designed to restore i6A to miaA cells were unsuccessful even though MOD5IlacZ fusion proteins were expressed in E. coli, indicating that transcription and translation of the yeast gene (or at least part of it) could occur.…”

Section: Cloning Of the Mod5 Gene (I) Complementation Of Mod5-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of MOD5, a gene required for isopentenylation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Dihanich¹,

Najarian²,

Clark³

et al. 1987

Mol. Cell. Biol.

129

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The mod5-1 mutation is a nuclear mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that reduces the biosynthesis of N6-(A2-isopentenyl)adenosine in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs to <1.5% of wild-type levels. The tRNA modification enzyme, A2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate:tRNA isopentenyl transferase, cannot be detected in vitro with extracts from mod5-1 cells. A characterization of the MOD5 gene would help to determine how the same enzyme activity in different cellular compartments can be abolished by a single nuclear mutation. (16,42).In contrast, there are a few examples of single mutations that abolish enzyme activities in different subcellular compartments, indicating that some of the analogous proteins may be the products of the same gene. Single nuclear mutations that affect tRNA modification in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of yeasts (18,25,39) fall into the latter category. The mutations trml, trm2, and mod5-1 abolish the dimethylguanosine, 5-methyluridine, and N6-(A2-isopentenyl)adenosine (i6A) modification, respectively, in all cellular tRNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although it is possible that these genes code for regulators which affect the activity of distinct mitochondrial and nuclear/cytoplasmic proteins, the most straightforward interpretation of these observations is that single nuclear genes code for products which can be targeted to the mitochondria and another cellular compartment.One way to distinguish between two hypothetical situations is to clone the TRMJ, TRM2, and MOD5 loci and utilize these sequences to study the nature of the gene products. A tRNA modification enzymes would allow the use of the cloned sequence to obtain information regarding the mechanism(s) by which a single gene could encode products capable of localizing to mitochondria as well as some other location.The recessive mutation mod5-I was detected as a lesion which reduced the efficiency of nonsense suppression by a tyrosine-inserting suppressor tRNA (21). Chromatographic analysis of nucleotides derived from tRNA of mod5-J mutant cells revealed that the amount of i6A is reduced to <1.5% of wild-type levels (21). The modified base, i6A, occurs in tRNAs at position 37 adjacent to the 3' end of the anticodon and is found only in tRNAs that recognize codons starting with U (7, 26). The mod5-J mutation does not interfere with tRNA processing or amino acid acceptance and has no effect on cell growth in various media at 28 and 37°C (21). The reduced efficiency of nonsense suppression caused by the mutation is presumably due to altered codon-anticodon interactions of the modification deficient tyrosyl tRNAUAA.

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“…Lack of ms 2 i 6 A37 does not seem to affect the aminoacylation of tRNA (21,26,27) or amino acid-tRNAEFTu⅐GTP selection (4). Many of these miaA phenotypes may be caused by disruptions in translational control mechanisms, such as the ones that regulate expression of the tryptophan (trp) (28,29) and the tryptophanase (tna) (30,31) operons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Substrate Recognition by the MiaA tRNA Prenyltransferase Modification Enzyme of Escherichia coliK-12

Leung¹,

Chen²,

Winkler³

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The effect of an Escherichia coli regulatory mutation on transfer RNA structure

Cited by 91 publications

References 30 publications

The Phloem-Delivered RNA Pool Contains Small Noncoding RNAs and Interferes with Translation

The Phloem-Delivered RNA Pool Contains Small Noncoding RNAs and Interferes with Translation

Isolation and characterization of MOD5, a gene required for isopentenylation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Regulation of Substrate Recognition by the MiaA tRNA Prenyltransferase Modification Enzyme of Escherichia coliK-12

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