The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Koutsos, Elizabeth A.; Calvert, C. C.; Klasing, Kirk C.

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(03)00158-2

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is thought that color provides an indicator of current health, since the levels of pigmentation in the skin react rapidly to changes in health status. Skin carotenoid levels change within days in response to changes in dietary intake (Stahl et al, 1998) and parasitic infestation (Koutsos et al, 2003); melanin levels increase in the skin within an hour of exposure (Robins, 1991); blood oxygenation and perfusion changes rapidly in response to a number of stimuli, such as exercise and illness (Paxton et al, 1996). Scott et al (2010) have recently shown that masculinity -a possible cue to health status during development -may not be an important predictor of attractiveness when more salient cues to current condition, such as color, are available, and that many previous findings may have been dependent largely on the experimental methods employed (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces

Stephen¹,

Scott²,

Coetzee³

et al. 2012

Evolution and Human Behavior

106

138

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Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces SummaryMuch attractiveness research has focused on face shape. The role of masculinity (which for adults is thought to be a relatively stable shape cue to developmental testosterone levels) in male facial attractiveness has been examined, with mixed results. Recent work on the perception of skin color (a more variable cue to current health status) indicates that increased skin redness, yellowness and lightness enhance apparent health. It has been suggested that stable cues such as masculinity may be less important to attractiveness judgments than short-term, more variable health cues. We examine associations between male facial attractiveness, masculinity and skin color in African and Caucasian populations. Masculinity was not found to be associated with attractiveness in either ethnic group. However, skin color was found to be an important predictor of attractiveness judgments, particularly for own-ethnicity faces. Our results suggest that more plastic health cues, such as skin color, are more important than developmental cues such as masculinity. Further, unfamiliarity with natural skin color variation in other ethnic groups may limit observers' ability to utilize these color cues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces

Stephen¹,

Scott²,

Coetzee³

et al. 2012

Evolution and Human Behavior

106

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…123 Lutein in immune tissues was depleted during inflammation, and the depletion extent was dependent on dietary lutein levels. 124 Similarly, fat levels were modified during inflammation. 125 Selvaraj et al showed that LPS injection decreased the lutein content and increased the fat content in chicken liver and spleen.…”

Section: Pparγ In Anti-inflammatory Actions and Modification Of Cholementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of PPARγ in the nutritional and pharmacological actions of carotenoids

Wang¹,

Shi²,

Gu³

et al. 2016

RRBC

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been shown to play an important role in the biological effects of carotenoids. The PPARγ-signaling pathway is involved in the anticancer effects of carotenoids. Activation of PPARγ partly contributes to the growth-inhibitory effects of carotenoids (β-carotene, astaxanthin, bixin, capsanthin, lutein, and lycopene) on breast cancer MCF7 cells, leukemia K562 cells, prostate cancer (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 cells), and esophageal squamous cancer EC109 cells. PPARγ is the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Downregulated PPARγ and PPARγ-target genes have been associated with the suppressive effects of β-carotene and lycopene on 3T3L1 and C3H10T1/2 adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. β-Carotene is cleaved centrally into retinaldehyde by BCO1, the encoding gene being a PPARγ-target gene. Retinaldehyde can be oxidized to retinoic acid and also be reduced to retinol. β-Carotene can also be cleaved asymmetrically into β-apocarotenals and β-apocarotenones by BCO2. The inhibitory effects of β-carotene on the development of adiposity and lipid storage are dependent substantially on BCO1-mediated production of retinoids. The effects of β-carotene on body adiposity were absent in BCO1-knockout mice. Retinoid metabolism is connected with the activity of PPARγ in the control of body-fat reserves. Retinoic acid, retinaldehyde, retinol, and β-apocarotenals exert suppressive effects on preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis via downregulation of PPARγ expression in cell culture. The molecular mechanisms underlying retinoic acid effects on adipose-tissue biology and the development of adiposity remain poorly understood. Adiposity can be affected by retinoids through long-lasting effects at critical developmental stages. Retinol saturase increases PPARγ-transcriptional activity and adipocyte differentiation. Other carotenoids that have been reported to suppress adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in the main via modulation of PPARγ and PPARγ-target genes include astaxanthin, bixin, norbixin, β-cryptoxanthin, fucoxanthin and its metabolites, lycopene, apo-10'-lycopenoic acid, siphonaxanthin, and neoxanthin, except paprika pigments. Lutein, lycopene, and paprika carotenoids reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels by an induction of PPARγ in immune tissues and cells. Lycopene, apo-10'-lycopenoic acid, and astaxanthin might prevent atherosclerosis through modifying cholesterol metabolism via increasing PPARγ expression in macrophages.

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“…More recently, the decreases in plasma, liver and skin carotenoids observed in the growing chick following challenges with infectious disease have been associated with the acute-phase response. 22 Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-1 (IL-1) to induce an acutephase response, the authors found that plasma, liver and thymus carotenoids were all reduced following the injections, but there was some indication that concentrations in the thymocyte and the bursa were increased or unaltered. Thus changes in the body carotene concentrations post infection are directly linked to the inflammatory response and these changes may play a role in immunoprotection.…”

Section: Carotenoids and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioequivalence of β‐carotene and retinol

Thurnham

2006

J Sci Food Agric

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For many years it was accepted that 6 mg of β-carotene were required to produce 1 mg of vitamin A in the form of retinol. The equivalence was based on the assumptions that two-thirds of dietary β-carotene are not absorbed, while in the metabolism of the remaining third 1 mol of β-carotene is converted to 1 mol retinol. Recently, the bioequivalence was raised to 12 mg β-carotene and 1 mg retinol. The objective of this review was to re-examine the data that were used to support the new equivalence ratio, especially since some of these data were obtained in developing countries where infestation with gut parasites and exposure to other infections is common, yet the influence of inflammation on plasma carotenoid and retinol concentrations is frequently ignored. Bioequivalence studies examined in this review include those done in developing and developed countries, depletion and repletion studies, feeding with vegetable sources of β-carotene or pure supplements, influence of helminths, carotenoid interactions and matrix effects and studies using stable isotopes (SI). SI studies show the bioefficacy of β-carotene conversion to retinol is generally poor even for pure β-carotene unless the dose is small and fed regularly until equilibration is reached. Retinol formation appears to be inversely influenced by previous vitamin A intake, the amount of material given and current vitamin A status. In spite of technical complexities, more SI studies where liver reserves of vitamin A are determined pre and post intervention are needed to evaluate β-carotene bioefficacy of different vegetable sources.

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The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces

Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces

Role of PPARγ in the nutritional and pharmacological actions of carotenoids

Bioequivalence of β‐carotene and retinol

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The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces

Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces

Role of PPAR&gamma; in the nutritional and pharmacological actions of carotenoids

Bioequivalence of β‐carotene and retinol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Role of PPARγ in the nutritional and pharmacological actions of carotenoids