The Effect of an 8-week NASM Corrective Exercise Program on Upper Crossed Syndrome

Abdolahzad, Mahsa; Daneshmandi, Hasan

doi:10.32598/biomechanics.5.3.3

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The obtained data indicated that 8 weeks of NASM exercises significantly decreased the angle of HKP and FHP, i.e., consistent with the results obtained by Abdolahzadeh et al [26] and Roshani et al [27]; they evaluated the effects of NASM exercises on individuals with the upper cross syndrome. Conventional corrective exercises focus on stretching shortened muscles and strengthening the weakened muscles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine and Sahrmann Training on Foot Pressure Distribution in Flexed Posture Students

Jabbar

Gandomi

2021

IRJ

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Objectives: Flexed posture with Hyperkyphosis (HKP) and Forward Head Posture (FHP), due to changes in the spine alignment, lead to the displacement of the center of pressure and increased postural sways; ultimately, this condition disrupts the distribution of foot pressure. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and Sharman training on Foot Pressure Distribution (FPD) in flexed posture students. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 30 students with HKP and FHP were randomly assigned in two groups of NASM and Sahrmann (n=15/group). The angle of HKP and FHP were evaluated by Spinal Mouse and Image J software. FPD was also assessed by a Payatek foot scaner (PT-scan) device. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The present research results suggested that both intervention groups presented significant differences in reducing the angle of HKP (P<0.001) and FHP (P<0.001), COP minor axis length (P<0.05), COP major axis length (P<0.001), COP path length (P<0.001), the standard deviation of internal-external sways (P<0.001), and standard deviation of anterior-posterior sways (P<0.001); however, t there was no significant difference concerning the COP area (P>0.05) and symmetry index between the two legs (P>0.05). Discussion: Both provided corrective exercises reduced HKP and FHP angles and reduced postural sways. However, Sahrmann intervention with adjusted muscle stiffness and reduced electromechanical latency was more effective than NASM exercises in improving postural control and foot pressure symmetry index.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine and Sahrmann Training on Foot Pressure Distribution in Flexed Posture Students

Jabbar

Gandomi

2021

IRJ

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“…Twenty- two eligible studies have investigated the impact of therapeutic exercise on forward head posture [ 5 , 10 – 13 , 17 , 18 , 22 – 36 ]. Of these studies, three studies had two independent intervention groups that were analyzed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty studies have examined the impact of therapeutic exercise on rounded shoulders [ 5 , 10 – 13 , 17 , 18 , 22 – 28 , 30 – 35 ]. Two of these studies had two independent intervention groups, while one study had three independent intervention groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Maarouf et al, 2020 [ 13 ] Basketball Players in Wheelchairs Intervention group: 12 (12/0) (5.08 ± 39.80) Control Group: 12 (12/0) (11.23 ± 43) Scapular Stability exercises No Exercise (8), (5), (60) Forward Head, Forward Shoulder, Kyphosis Significant improvement in forward head, forward shoulder, and kyphosis angles in the intervention group Karimian et al, 2019 [ 23 ] Teachers Group: 12 (45.2 ± 8.1) Control Group: 11 (44.1 ± 7.8) Corrective Exercises with Ergonomic Interventions No Exercise (12), (3), (45–60) Forward Head, Forward Shoulder, Kyphosis In exercise groups, significant differences were observed in the forward head, forward shoulder, and kyphosis angles. Piri et al, 2021 [ 18 ] Beautician women Experimental Group: 20 (0/20) (33.40 ± 2.30) Control Group: 20 (0/20) (31.95 ± 1.47) Myofascial Release, Stretching Exercises, and Dynamic Exercises No Exercise (12), (3), (60) Forward Head, Forward Shoulder, Kyphosis Significantly reduced forward head, forward shoulder, and kyphosis angles in the intervention group Abdolahzade et al, 2019 [ 10 ] Female Students Intervention Group: 15 (0/15) (20.53 ± 1.55) Control Group: 15 (0/15) (20.00 ± 2.00) Corrective Exercises based on NASM No Exercise (8), (3), (30–70) Forward Head, Forward Shoulder, Kyphosis Significant improvement was found in the NASM group’s forward head, forward shoulder, and kyphosis angles. Hajizadeh et al, 2021 [ 11 ] Martial Artists Intervention group: 15 (15/0) (24.20 ± 4.12) Control Group: 15 (15/0) (24.66 ± 3.56) General corrective Exercises No Exercise (10), (3), (30–70) ...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of various therapeutic exercises on forward head posture, rounded shoulder, and hyperkyphosis among people with upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sepehri,

Sheikhhoseini,

Piri

et al. 2024

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Objectives This review study aimed to evaluate the impact of therapeutic exercises on Upper-Crossed Syndrome (UCS). The study utilized a systematic review and meta-analysis approach to investigate the effects of various therapeutic exercises on forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and hyperkyphosis associated with upper crossed syndrome. Methods The study identified relevant keywords for each independent and dependent variable and conducted a search in scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, without any time limitations until 12 August 2023. Overall, 4625 articles were found in the selected databases, which were reduced to 1085 after being entered into the EndNote software and removing duplicate data. The full texts of 30 remaining studies were reviewed; ten articles meeting the criteria were included. Additionally, 12 studies from the Google Scholar database were included, resulting in 22 studies. Using Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA ver 3), data heterogeneity was measured with I2 and the Q tests. The Funnel Plot and Egger test methods were utilized to determine the possibility of publication bias. The JBI checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results The results of the meta-analysis showed that therapeutic exercises were effective in improving forward head, rounded shoulders, and thoracic kyphosis angles (CI 95% = -1.85–1.161, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, CI95%=-1.822–1.15, and P = 0.001, CI 95%= -1.83–1.09, respectively). Conclusion Based on the results, it appears that performing therapeutic exercises in the form of strength exercises, stretching, shoulder-based exercises, and incredibly comprehensive exercises that target all muscles may be effective in reducing forward head, rounded shoulders, thoracic kyphosis, and overall UCS. Level of evidence 1

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“…After the assessment of the baseline characterization, the participants were assigned to the study groups and randomized allocation sequence by computation. The exercise group participated in the training program for 8 weeks, as followed by the previous studies [28][29][30].…”

Section: Randomization and Blindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot study on the improvement effects of scapulothoracic exercises on the respiratory functions in sedentary young female adult with forward shoulder posture: a randomized control trial

Thongchote¹,

Threetepchanchai²,

Chuwijit³

et al. 2023

areh

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Introduction:Upper body muscular imbalance is a potential risk of various shoulder problems and respiratory functions. The combined pectoralis minor muscles and scapular stabilizer muscles could alleviate muscular imbalances in forward shoulder posture (FSP). However, there remains an unclear conclusion regarding the efficacy of these exercises on respiratory function, including chest mobility, lung capacity, and respiratory muscle strength in FSP. Material and methods:In this randomized clinical trial, 28 female participants with FSP, aged 18-23 years, were divided into the control and exercise groups. The exercise programs were conducted 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The distance from the acromion process to the wall was measured as FSP. Pectoralis minor length (PL) were measured from coracoid process to the fourth costosternal joint, thoracic kyphosis (TK) was measured along the thoracic spines, chest expansion was measured from the amplitude of thoracic wall circumference during full expiration and inspiration, maximal respiratory muscle strength generated during respiration (MIP), and maximum respiratory muscle strength during expiration (MEP) were assessed at the pre-and post-exercise intervention. Results: After the 8 weeks training program, an improvement in FSP was observed as decreased mean difference (p < 0.05) and TK (p < 0.003). The PL (p < 0.05) and lower part of chest expansion (p < 0.010) were restored when compared to those in the control group. The strength generated in respiration also improved in the exercise group (MIP, p < 0.013). Conclusions: The 8-week pectoral muscle stretching and scapular stabilizer strengthening could reduce the FSP, improving chest mobility and respiratory muscle strength.

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The Effect of an 8-week NASM Corrective Exercise Program on Upper Crossed Syndrome

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

The Effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine and Sahrmann Training on Foot Pressure Distribution in Flexed Posture Students

The Effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine and Sahrmann Training on Foot Pressure Distribution in Flexed Posture Students

The effect of various therapeutic exercises on forward head posture, rounded shoulder, and hyperkyphosis among people with upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pilot study on the improvement effects of scapulothoracic exercises on the respiratory functions in sedentary young female adult with forward shoulder posture: a randomized control trial

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