The Effect of Alkaline Concentration on Coconut Husk Crystallinity and the Yield of Sugars Released

Sangian, Hanny F.; Widjaja, Arief

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/306/1/012046

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This may be caused by the variation in the composition of the three biomass feedstocks. Coconut shell and oak are lignocellulosic biomass comprising of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose [19,28,29]. The higher yield of Oak-HCs means that the oak used has a high lignin content, which decomposes at higher temperatures [33].…”

Section: Htc Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose breaks down at the HTC temperatures used, accelerating at 220 °C, after which it shows a strong sensitivity to the change in processing conditions [36,69]. Hence, the rapid increase in carbon content of CS-HC220 and CS-HC250 suggest that coconut shell is a cellulose rich biomass [29]. The oak biomass is suggested to be a lignin rich biomass as a relatively considerable increase in the carbon content was obtained at 250 °C; since thermal decomposition of lignin has been found to occur at higher temperatures [33,34].…”

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, it is important to understand the physicochemical sorption characteristics of hydrochars derived from both feedstocks. Coconut shell contains 15-27% of cellulose, 41-45% of lignin, and 18-40% of hemicellulose [19,28,29]. Oak wood is mainly composed of cellulose (38-46%), hemicellulose (19-30%) and lignin (22-29%), while French oak comprises of cellulose (22-50%), hemicellulose (17-30%) and lignin (17-30%) [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonisation of seaweed, coconut shell and oak: effect of processing temperature on physicochemical adsorbent characteristics

et al. 2022

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The present study addresses the production of hydrochars from brown seaweed (Fucus serratus) (FS-HCs), coconut shell (CS-HCs), and oak (Oak-HCs) as potential adsorbents using hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). The effect of HTC processing temperature on the physicochemical adsorbent characteristics of the hydrochars is investigated at different temperatures (200, 220, 250 °C) using a hydrothermal batch reactor. Increasing HTC temperature causes the formation of many spheres in CS-HCs and Oak-HCs, increasing their porosity, except FS-HCs. The surface area of the hydrochars increases with increasing HTC temperature; 10.93–12.78 m2/g for FS-HCs, 2.18–21.94 m2/g for CS-HCs, except for Oak-HCs which decreases from 4.89 to 3.09 m2/g. Increasing HTC temperature decreases volatile matter content in the hydrochars, increases fixed carbon content, and decreases H/C ratio (except for FS-HCs) and O/C ratio of the hydrochars. For all the hydrochars, increasing the HTC temperature results in a slight decrease in zeta potential magnitude, with negatively charged surfaces, making them potential adsorbents for cationic pollutants. The study confirms that the HTC process improves key chemical and physical characteristics of the hydrochars compared to the original biomass, and that the physicochemical adsorbent characteristics are enhanced as the processing temperature increases.

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Section: Htc Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonisation of seaweed, coconut shell and oak: effect of processing temperature on physicochemical adsorbent characteristics

et al. 2022

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“…This change may be attributed to the large presence of lignin and hemicellulose in UCF and the removal of some amorphous components in OCF, such as hemicellulose and lignin. This increases the relative content of crystalline cellulose, resulting in cellulose crystal to accumulate and cellulose molecules to rearrange [28,37,38]. Therefore, OCF exhibits a higher crystallinity index than UCF, which also suggests that OCF has better mechanical properties than UCF.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Coir Fiber from Coconut Forest Waste

Zhao

Yang

2022

Forests

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As a type of natural fiber with excellent elongation, coir fiber has been applied in a wide range of fields. To ensure superb performance, coir fiber is usually treated with alkali before being applied. Previous studies paid little attention to the multiple alkali treatment of coir fiber; however, this study focuses on its influence on the mechanical properties of coir fiber and conducts multi-objective optimization and analysis of the tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation of coir fiber. Our objective is the comprehensive enhancement of the mechanical properties of coir fiber. In this study, the experimental design is based on the Box-Behnken design method, and three treatment parameters were selected for the study, namely NaOH concentration, treatment time and treatment temperature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to analyze the experimental data, and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate how the treatment factors interact with each other and affect the responses values. To improve the tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation of coir fiber simultaneously, the experimental parameters were optimized. The results showed that the optimal values of NaOH concentration, treatment time and treatment temperature were 4.12%, 15.08 h and 34.21 °C, respectively. Under these conditions, the tensile strength of coir fiber was 97.14 MPa, the elastic modulus was 2.98 GPa and the elongation was 29.35%, which were 38.28%, 39.91% and 25.59% higher than that of untreated coir fiber, respectively. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the changes in surface, weight loss, composition and crystallinity of coir fiber treated with alkali under optimum conditions compared with untreated coir fiber to obtain a deeper insight into the influential mechanisms of alkali treatment.

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“…Meanwhile, hemicellulose monosaccharide units primarily consist of xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, and some low-content saccharides (rhamnose and fructose) (Wang et al 2017). The cellulosic composition in alkaline substrates pulp (KL and SL) was lower in glucose composition than that of organosolv substrate pulp (OL), resulting in higher removal of lignin because alkaline lignin produced a higher percentage yield of lignin (Sangian and Widjaja 2018).…”

Section: Proximate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of alkaline and organosolv lignin extraction methods from coconut husks as an alternative material for green applications

Latif

Brosse

Ziegler-Devin

et al. 2021

BioRes

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Effects of alkaline (kraft and soda) and organosolv pulping were evaluated relative to the structural properties of lignin isolated from coconut husk (CH) biomass. The various types of functional groups within the isolated lignin samples were characterized and compared using a variety of complementary analyses including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All isolated CH lignin samples contained a significant quantity of non-condensed guaiacyl-type (G) and syringyl-type (S) units but a lesser amount of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units, as demonstrated and supported by previous research. The alkaline CH lignin produced lignin with higher molecular weight (Mw SL: 959 g mol-1 > Mw KL: 769 g mol-1) than the organosolv lignin (Mw OL: 606 g mol-1) sample, resulting in smaller fragments and a higher degree of solubility in water or other solvents. Because of significant differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the various lignin polymers, their properties and structure were improved with respect to alternative approaches in lignin-based applications.

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The Effect of Alkaline Concentration on Coconut Husk Crystallinity and the Yield of Sugars Released

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonisation of seaweed, coconut shell and oak: effect of processing temperature on physicochemical adsorbent characteristics

Hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonisation of seaweed, coconut shell and oak: effect of processing temperature on physicochemical adsorbent characteristics

Multi-Objective Optimization and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Coir Fiber from Coconut Forest Waste

A comparison of alkaline and organosolv lignin extraction methods from coconut husks as an alternative material for green applications

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