The Effect of Alfentanil on the Emergence Agitation after Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Inguinal Herniorraphy

Effects of intravenous fentanyl around the end of surgery on emergence agitation in children: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…From this screening, 239 records were determined to be not relevant to this meta‐analysis. Following the review of 15 full‐text articles, 10 RCTs (718 patients, 357 of who received fentanyl) were found that met our inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta‐analysis (Figure ). Characteristics of the selected articles are presented in Table .…”

“…Sevoflurane inhalation was used for anesthesia maintenance in all enrolled studies. The incidence and severity of EA were assessed by the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale, Aono's 4‐point scale, 5‐step emergence agitation scale (EAS), scoring system for emergence agitation (SSEA), and Watcha behavioral scale . The manuscripts of two enrolled studies were written in Korean, with abstracts available in English.…”

“…All other studies were published in English. Fentanyl as a study drug was administered intravenously at these times: immediately before or at the end of surgery; 10, 15, or 20 minutes before the end of surgery or anesthesia; and at the beginning of fascia closure . We performed subgroup analyses according to the time of fentanyl administration: that is, at the end of surgery and 10‐20 minutes before the end of surgery.…”

“…We performed subgroup analyses according to the time of fentanyl administration: that is, at the end of surgery and 10‐20 minutes before the end of surgery. The immediately before the end of surgery study was included in the end of surgery group, and the at the beginning of fascia closure group was included in the 10‐20 minutes before the end of surgery group . Two studies included patients who had a caudal block, and one study enrolled children who underwent magnetic resonance imaging .…”

“…The results of the risk of bias assessments are shown in Table . Five trials were rated as unclear for “other” bias because of the absence of reporting conflicts of interest …”