The effect of albumin on the state of aggregation and phase transformations in phosphatidylcholine-sodium cholate mixtures

Abstract

Dilution of phospholipid-detergent mixed micellar systems results in an increase of the fraction of monomeric detergent and, consequently, in a decrease of the effective ratio Re between non-monomeric detergent and phospholipid. The value of Re has been previously shown to be the main determinant of the state of aggregation in such mixtures: at Re values below a critical value ReSAT, the mixture is vesicular; at Re values higher than ReSOL, the mixture is micellar, whereas within the range of ReSAT-ReSOL, vesicles and micelles co-exist. Albumin binds bile salts. Therefore, in PC-cholate mixtures, Re is reduced by the presence of albumin in the system. Within the range of PC concentrations of 2-23 mM, cholate concentrations of 2-15 mM and BSA concentrations of 0-100 mg/ml, binding of cholate to BSA results in reduction of the effective cholate concentration to the extent of 0.11 mM cholate per 1 mg/ml BSA, namely up to 7 cholate molecules bind to each BSA molecule. Yet, the values of ReSAT and ReSOL are essentially independent of BSA. In addition, at any given Re value, the size of vesicles made by dilution of mixed micelles is a complex function of albumin and PC concentrations. Possible mechanistic details which may cause this effect are discussed. These effects of albumin on the state of aggregation of PC-cholate mixtures must be taken into account in studies of such mixtures in the presence of albumin when other effects of albumin (e.g., on phospholipolysis) are investigated. Practical conclusions are reached with respect to the procedures that can be used to prepare vesicles of identical composition and size in the presence of different concentrations of albumin.

Activity and kinetics of dissociation and transfer of amphotericin B from a novel delivery form

“…As with ergosterol-containing membranes, there is a markedly increased extent of monomerization with AmB-DOC, but the monomeric state seems to be protein and/or lipoprotein associated, as indicated by the spectral redshift (Table 1). A contributing factor to this enhanced "disassembly" of the AmB-DOC complex may be the known affinity of cholate and deoxycholate for serum albumin (20)(21)(22). AmB itself is also known to have at least two binding sites to albumin (23).…”

Influence of cholesterol crystallization effector proteins on vesicle fusion in supersaturated model bile

“…Fusion of vesicles was assayed by quantitating the increase in fluorescence due to the release of R18 from fusing membranes, using a Hitachi F‐2000 spectrofluorometer (wavelengths; excitation 530 nm, emission 590 nm) equipped with a temperature‐regulated (37°C) cell holder and a magnetic stirrer 19 –22 . The R18‐labelled (20 μL) and unlabelled liposomes (80 μL) were incubated with each protein and mixed in TBS to induce fusion.…”