The effect of Al2Cu precipitates on the microstructural evolution, tensile strength, ductility and work-hardening behaviour of a Al–4wt.% Cu alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing

Correlative evolution of microstructure, particle dissolution, hardness and strength of ultrafine grained AA6063 alloy during annealing

“…The most significant drawback of SPD techniques, is the considerable reduction in ductility which may limit the use of UFG products in some critical applications [13,14]. Of course, this does not mean that UFG materials with their unique mechanical properties are not desirable.…”

The deformation and work hardening behaviour of a SPD processed Al-5Cu alloy

“…Additionally, the coarse grains themselves not only participate in the plastic deformation but also help release the stress concentration in the UFG matrix [12]. Crack propagation across these large and ductile grains dissipates a considerable amount of energy [27], thereby delaying crack initiation and propagation. This bimodal microstructure is supposed to be the most important reason for the large uniform elongation and post-uniform elongation in the 4P sample.…”

The effect of aging on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the alumina-forming austenitic stainless steel Fe–20Cr–30Ni–2Nb–5Al

“…where P A is the particle density or point density and is equal to the particle count divided by the area of the image field of view [23]. Grain boundary coverage was calculated using BSE images.…”