The effect of Al-doping on ZnO nanoparticles applied as catalyst support

Behrens, Malte; Lolli, Giullio; Muratova, Nelli; Kasatkin, Igor; Hävecker, Michael; d’Alnoncourt, Raoul Naumann; Storcheva, Oksana; Köhler, Klaus; Mühler, Martin; Schlögl, Robert

doi:10.1039/c2cp41680h

Cited by 73 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Promotion by 3 % of Al 3+ was shown to structurally and electronically promote the catalyst most likely by effective doping of the ZnO:Al component 22. 24 The nominal metal composition was adjusted in the stock solution for the co‐precipitation experiment, which was conducted three times in a 6 L reactor. The reactor was equipped with an automated pH feedback loop to adjust a constant pH during the co‐precipitation process yielding 135 g of the catalyst precursor FHI‐prec per batch.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Highly Active Cu/ZnO:Al Catalyst

et al. 2014

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We report the application of an optimised synthesis protocol of a Cu/ZnO:Al catalyst. The different stages of synthesis are all well-characterised by using various methods with regard to the (micro-)structural, textural, solid-state kinetic, defect and surface properties. The low amount of the Al promoter (3 %) influences but does not generally change the phase evolution known for binary Cu/ZnO catalysts. Its main function seems to be the introduction of defect sites in ZnO by doping. These sites as well as the large Cu surface area are responsible for the large N₂O chemisorption capacity. Under reducing conditions, the Al promoter, just as Zn, is found enriched at the surface suggesting an active role in the strong metal–support interaction between Cu and ZnO:Al. The different stages of the synthesis are comprehensively analysed and found to be highly reproducible in the 100 g scale. The resulting catalyst is characterised by a uniform elemental distribution, small Cu particles (8 nm), a porous texture (pore size of approximately 25 nm), high specific surface area (approximately 120 m² g^-1), a high amount of defects in the Cu phase and synergetic Cu–ZnO interaction. A high and stable performance was found in methanol synthesis. We wish to establish this complex but well-studied material as a benchmark system for Cu-based catalysts

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Highly Active Cu/ZnO:Al Catalyst

et al. 2014

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“…In the case of Pt/SiO 2 and Pt/CeO 2 there was some evidence for competition between furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol versus acetalization, with their respective selectivities exhibiting a weak anti-correlation. It is interesting to note that the acetalization side reaction, generally considered to be acid catalyzed, was suppressed over the most basic Pt/MgO and Pt/ZnO catalysts [34,35]. As a result of the acetalization observed during reaction in ethanol, a range of alternative solvents were investigated to determine whether acetalization could be suppressed while maintaining high rates for the primary hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol.…”

Section: Catalytic Reaction Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly selective hydrogenation of furfural over supported Pt nanoparticles under mild conditions

Taylor

Durndell

Isaacs

et al. 2016

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

317

205

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a b s t r a c tThe selective liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over Pt nanoparticles supported on SiO 2 , ZnO, ␥-Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2 is reported under extremely mild conditions. Ambient hydrogen pressure, and temperatures as low as 50 • C are shown sufficient to drive furfural hydrogenation with high conversion and >99% selectivity to furfuryl alcohol. Strong support and solvent dependencies are observed, with methanol and n-butanol proving excellent solvents for promoting high furfuryl alcohol yields over uniformly dispersed 4 nm Pt nanoparticles over MgO, CeO 2 and ␥-Al 2 O 3 . In contrast, non-polar solvents conferred poor furfural conversion, while ethanol favored acetal by-product formation. Furfural selective hydrogenation can be tuned through controlling the oxide support, reaction solvent and temperature.

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“…One is to start from a technical catalyst and to analyze its properties in different stages of the catalytic process. In the case of methanol synthesis active sites have been identified very successfully this way 1–3. A second approach is to use model catalysts on the basis of single crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermally induced interaction of Cu and Au with ZnO single crystal surfaces

Köhler

Kroll

Löber

et al. 2013

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The reaction of Cu‐clusters with a polar and a mixed terminated single crystalline ZnO‐substrate upon thermal treatment in UHV is studied in comparison with Au‐films. Scanning tunneling microcopy and spectroscopy in combination with photoemission experiments reveal the geometrical and chemical changes in the Cu‐cluster system on ZnO(0001)‐Zn and ZnO(10$\overline {1} $0) upon annealing up to 770 K. On ZnO($10\overline {1} 0$) the Cu‐clusters show a roof like outline with Cu(111) side facets. The data points to a Cu(110) interface with the ZnO‐substrate. The interface of the Cu‐clusters and the ZnO‐substrate was investigated by the controlled removal of clusters using STM‐tip manipulation exposing the “footprints” of the clusters. On both investigated ZnO surfaces an entrenching of the Cu‐clusters during annealing was found which partly explains the observed decrease of the amount of Cu visible above the ZnO‐substrate level upon annealing. Even at higher annealing temperature the main body of the cluster surface is still pure copper. No large scale oxidation or brass formation was found. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows an increased density of occupied states at the cluster perimeter which is possibly relevant as an active site in catalysis.

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The effect of Al-doping on ZnO nanoparticles applied as catalyst support

Cited by 73 publications

References 53 publications

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Highly Active Cu/ZnO:Al Catalyst

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Highly Active Cu/ZnO:Al Catalyst

Highly selective hydrogenation of furfural over supported Pt nanoparticles under mild conditions

The thermally induced interaction of Cu and Au with ZnO single crystal surfaces

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