The Effect of Aircraft Traffic Emissions on the Soil Surface Contamination Analysis around the International Airport in Delhi, India

Ray, Sharmila; Khillare, P. S.; Kim, Ki‐Hyun

doi:10.5572/ajae.2012.6.2.118

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The acceptable standards for cadmium are exceeded three times to the east and twice to the west of Krakow. The content of copper and lead exceeded the admissible level in deciduous and coniferous stands 35 km (Nichols et al 1981;Ray et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Assessment of forest soil contamination in Krakow surroundings in relation to the type of stand

et al. 2016

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The aim of the study was to determine the degree of soil pollution in different forest types around Krakow, using biochemical, chemical and magnetic methods. In assessing the degree of soil contamination, the impact of the forest species composition by comparing the surfaces of broadleaf and coniferous forest stands was taken into account. Enzymatic activity was related to other measures of pollution, i.e., heavy metal concentration, content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and level of magnetic susceptibility. The study was conducted in southern Poland. Krakow was the central point around which the test surfaces were designated. In soil samples pH, soil texture and organic carbon, nitrogen, base cation contents, dehydrogenase and urease activities were determined. Additionally, heavy metal concentration, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content and magnetic susceptibility were recorded. The obtained results confirm the high diversity of forest soil pollution around Krakow agglomeration. Significant differences in both the content of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and values of the magnetic susceptibility were observed in the soils of forest complexes located in different directions away from Krakow and at various distances from Krakow. The level of contamination is related to the historical and current deposition of industrial and urban dusts from Krakow and Silesia. The type of stand had a considerable influence on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A higher content of aromatic hydrocarbons was observed in the soils of deciduous stands. A high level of magnetic susceptibility was observed in the soils of coniferous stands. The differences in enzymatic activity between the research plots result from different contents of PAHs and different amount of soil organic matter resulting from the species composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Assessment of forest soil contamination in Krakow surroundings in relation to the type of stand

et al. 2016

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“…Other elements (Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn) were then associated with natural sources in that study. In the similar research on the effect of aircraft traffic emission on soil pollution, Ray et al [23] designated air transport as a possible emitter of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni causing soil contamination, especially by Cd and Pb. Likewise, Massas et al [16] linked air traffic with possible emissions of Cu, Pb, Zn, and, to a limited extent, Ni.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ray et al [22] also stated, that since Cu, Pb, and Zn are used as additives to aviation fuels, they can be released in these emissions. Rao et al [23] reported their importance to soil contamination at airports. Less explored is the difference between take-off and landing in these emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longer runway (3690 × 60 m), running in the NNW-SSE direction, is used for both take-offs and landings, however, with a preference for landing. The runway was selected for soil sampling based on the fact that the highest accumulation of metals is observed at the landing site [23]. A total number of 48 samples was taken from 0-25 cm soil depth along the runway at regular intervals on both sides of the runway in 2018.…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Impact Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils Near the Runway at the International Airport in Central Europe

et al. 2020

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The environmental impacts of air transport and air transportation systems have become increasingly important and are heavily debated. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of soil contamination by the potentially toxic elements (Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the vicinity of the airport runway and to evaluate whether airport traffic has had factual toxic effects on airport vegetation. The overall assessment of soil contamination by means of the Nemerow integrated pollution index indicated slight pollution; evaluation by the geoaccumulation index evinced moderate contamination by Zn and nonexistent to moderate contamination by Cu, Ni, and Pb. A significant difference between the take-off and landing sections of the runway was not statistically confirmed. The vegetation risk assessment by means of the potential ecological risk index (RI) showed the low ecological risk, while the phytotoxicity test revealed an inhibition of up to 33.7%, with a slight inhibition of 16.7% on average, and thus low toxic effects of airport traffic on airport vegetation. The results of the linear regression model between phytotoxicity and RI manifested no relation between the two. The outcomes from other studies suggest that the range of elements and the extent of contamination can be highly variable at different airports and frequently affected by car traffic. Therefore, further research on this issue is needed for the more precise determination of the elements emitted by air traffic at airports.

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“…Cadmium (Cd) has drawn most environmental concern with respect to significant ecological risk due to high toxicity and mobility (Bi et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2003Kim et al, , 2009Ma et al, 2012;Ray et al, 2012). The US EPA (2011) has classified airborne cadmium as a probable human carcinogen (Group B1) listed substance (with limited evidence of carcinogenicity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Variations of Airborne Cadmium (Cd) Concentrations in Major Urban Areas of Korea between 1991 and 2010

Saha

Kim

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The long-term (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) monitoring data for cadmium (Cd) collected from seven major cities in Korea were evaluated to assess spatial-temporal trends in urban areas and help improve air quality control. The results show that the level of Cd pollution in the different cities, as distinguished by industrial activity, was the highest in Ulsan (9.21 ± 6.29 ng/m 3 ) and Incheon (6.25 ± 6.05 ng/m 3 ). During the study period, Cd concentrations showed significant reductions in all monitoring cities, especially in the more industrialized ones (e.g., a nearly six-fold reduction in Ulsan over 13 years), while in other areas this reduction was more moderate (about 1.7-fold). In addition, Cd concentrations generally peaked in the winter, with the exception of the more industrialized areas. Although Cd levels in Ulsan and Incheon exceeded the general guidelines of 5 ng/m 3 (e.g., those of the US EPA) until recently (e.g., 2004), its values in most urban areas in Korea have been continuously decreasing over the 20-year period examined in this work. Therefore, greater efforts are necessary to more effectively reduce Cd released from the prominent source activities in the urban environments.

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The Effect of Aircraft Traffic Emissions on the Soil Surface Contamination Analysis around the International Airport in Delhi, India

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Assessment of forest soil contamination in Krakow surroundings in relation to the type of stand

Assessment of forest soil contamination in Krakow surroundings in relation to the type of stand

Environmental Impact Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils Near the Runway at the International Airport in Central Europe

Long-Term Variations of Airborne Cadmium (Cd) Concentrations in Major Urban Areas of Korea between 1991 and 2010

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