The effect of air pollution on the mechanism of stomatal control

Maier-Maercker, Uta; Koch, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00225227

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other mechanisms by which ozone may increase the water loss of detached leaves are alterations of the wax layer which have been described by Gunthardt Goerg & Keller (1987) and by Barnes, Davison & Booth (1988). On the other hand, ozone may disturb the stomatal control of water loss under drought conditions (Maier-Maercker & Koch, 1992;Pearson & Mansfield, 1993) and this could also occur after detaching.…”

Section: Biomass Of Sprucementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ambient ozone on seedlings of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst

Braun¹,

Flückiger²

1995

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe effect of unfiitered versus filtered air was tested on tree seedlings at different sites with prevailing ozone pollution, at different altitudes. Growth and biomass data from different experiments were evaluated in relation to ozone dose above 40 nl T^ during the exposure time. In beech {Fagus sylvatica L.), biomass was significantly correlated with ozone dose whereas shoot length was not. There was no change in shoot/root ratio but there were more significant reductions in fine root biomass than in shoot biomass. The effect of ozone was cumulative within the duration of the experiments, i.e. from a few months to three years. A cumulative dose of 7 //I T' h > 40 nl 1"' per growing season, calculated for 24 h day"', corresponded to a 10% biomass reduction within three years. Seedlings grown in unfiitered air also exhibited much more severe symptoms of frost injury following a cold winter with rapid temperature change. Laboratory experiments suggest that winter desiccation may have played a more important role than low temperatures, but that medium frost temperatures may cause more latent injuries in seedlings exposed to ambient air. Water loss of detached leaves from unfiitered air was significantly higher later in the season. Both increased chlorosis and premature leaf fall were observed in the beech seedlings grown in unfiitered air, but in different years. The biomass of spruce \Picea abies (L.) Karst.] showed a tendency towards a reduction, but this was not significant within the dose range tested. Three years of fumigation, however, caused increased chlorosis also in the spruce seedlings. Tests with low temperatures suggest that the vitality of the spruce seedlings during winter may also be impaired by the ambient air pollution.

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Section: Biomass Of Sprucementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ambient ozone on seedlings of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst

Braun¹,

Flückiger²

1995

New Phytologist

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“…Even in laboratory experiments using seedlings, the physiological response of momi fir to complex stress caused by a mixture of air pollutants and environmental factors has yet to be clarified. Maier-Maercker and Koch (1992) suggested that one of the effects of chronic air pollutant stress is an increased sensitivity to additional stress. Therefore, it is important to investigate the physiological responses to additional stress under the chronic effects of air pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Response of gas exchange rates inAbies firmaseedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

Yoshida

Shibasaki

Takami

et al. 2004

Journal of Forest Research

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In order to clarify the chronic influence of acid fog on the gas exchange rates of momi fir (Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.) trees, we exposed them to simulated acid fog (pH 3) for 3 years. The composition of the acid fog was similar to that observed in a region where momi fir trees have been declining, and it contained organic acids. We then treated the firs with various additional stresses, such as drought, low temperature, fine root cutting, ozone exposure, soil acidification, nitrogen load, and rhizosphere aluminum stress. Under chronic exposure to acid fog, the momi fir seedlings exhibited a pattern of stomatal behavior whereby they excessively opened in summer and closed in winter. Furthermore, the stomata of these seedlings tended to open during drought stress, and their needles were visibly injured after ozone exposure. The net photosynthesis rates of the seedlings exposed to acid fog were regulated by their stomatal aperture, rather than directly by acid fog. These results suggest that acid fog exposure disturbs the control of stomatal function in the momi fir seedlings. In addition, we found that chronic acid fog exposure suppressed the decrease in net photosynthesis rate, due to its nitrogen load.

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“…The stomata opening is controlled mainly by light, and stomata are more open during daytime, but are still partly open for many plant species during night (Roberts, 1990). Stomatal opening is also controlled by environmental stresses such as drought and enhanced mixing ratios of air pollutants that will induce stomatal closure (Maier-Maercker and Koch, 1992). Ozone, in particular, is a harmful oxidant that affects the cellular structures in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low concentrations of near-surface ozone in Siberia

Stjernberg

Skorokhod

Paris

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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International audienceSiberia with its large area covered with boreal forests, wetlands and tundra is believed to be an important sink for ozone via dry deposition and reactions with biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by the forests. To study the importance of deposition of ozone in Siberia, we analyse measurements of ozone mixing ratios taken along the Trans-Siberian railway by train, air-borne measurements andpoint measurements at the Zotino station. For all data, we ran the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART in backward mode for 20 d, which yields the so-called potential emission sensitivity (PES) fields. These fields give a quantitative measure of where andhow strongly the sampledair masses have been in contact with the surface and hence possible influenced by surface fluxes. These fields are further statistically analysed to identify source andsink regions that are influencing the observedozone. Results show that the source regions for the surface ozone in Siberia are located at lower latitudes: the regions around the Mediterranean Sea, the Middle East, Kazakhstan andChina. Low ozone mixing ratios are associated to transport from North West Russia, the Arctic region, andthe Pacific Ocean. By calculating PES values for both a passive tracer without consideration of removal processes and for an ozone-like tracer where dry deposition processes are included, we are able to quantify the ozone loss occurring en route to the receptor. Strong correlations between low ozone concentrations andthe spatially integratedfootprints from FLEXPART, especially during the period summer to autumn, indicate the importance of the Siberian forests as a sink for tropospheric ozone

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The effect of air pollution on the mechanism of stomatal control

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of ambient ozone on seedlings of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst

Effects of ambient ozone on seedlings of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst

Response of gas exchange rates inAbies firmaseedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

Low concentrations of near-surface ozone in Siberia

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