The effect of air pollutants on visibility in fog and haze at New York city

McNulty, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(68)90076-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Historically, the haze occurred in some areas of the United Kingdom and the United States due to their developed economies (McNulty, 1968;Lee, 1983;Schichtel et al, 2001). Recently, haze frequently has occurred in the regions of North Africa, Indian Ocean, and Asia (Quinn and Bates, 2003;Huebert et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and evolution mechanism of regional haze: a case study in the megacity Beijing, China

et al. 2013

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The main objective of this study is to investigate the formation and evolution mechanism of the regional haze in megacity Beijing by analyzing the process of a severe haze that occurred 20–27 September 2011. Mass concentration and size distribution of aerosol particles as well as aerosol optical properties were concurrently measured at the Beijing urban atmospheric environment monitoring station. Gaseous pollutants (SO₂, NO-NO₂-NO_x, O₃, CO) and meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity) were simultaneously monitored. Meanwhile, aerosol spatial distribution and the height of planetary boundary layer (PBL) were retrieved from the signal of satellite and LIDAR (light detection and ranging). Concentrations of NO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and CO observed during 23–27 September had exceeded the national ambient air quality standards for residents. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 gradually accumulated during the measurement and reached at 220 μg m⁻³ on 26 September, and the corresponding atmospheric visibility was only 1.1 km. The daily averaged AOD in Beijing increased from ~ 0.16 at λ = 500 nm on 22 September and reached ~ 3.5 on 26 September. The key factors that affected the formation and evolution of this haze episode were stable anti-cyclone synoptic conditions at the surface, decreasing of the height of PBL, heavy pollution emissions from urban area, number and size evolution of aerosols, and hygroscopic growth for aerosol scattering. This case study may provide valuable information for the public to recognize the formation mechanism of the regional haze event over the megacity, which is also useful for the government to adopt scientific approach to forecast and eliminate the occurrence of regional haze in China

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and evolution mechanism of regional haze: a case study in the megacity Beijing, China

et al. 2013

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“…Since World War II, haze has occurred in London and Los Angeles due to fast economic development (McNulty, 1968;Lee, 1983;Schichtel et al, 2001). After that, the regions affected by haze spread to Indian Ocean and Asia etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into a historic severe haze event in Shanghai: synoptic situation, boundary layer and pollutants

Leng

Duan

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. A historic haze event, characterized by lengthy, large-scale and severe pollution, occurred in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China from 1 to 10 December 2013. This haze event significantly influenced air quality throughout the region, especially in urban areas. Aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties were measured in Shanghai. Sometimes the 1 h average particle concentration (e.g., PM 2.5 ) exceeded 600 µg m −3 . Inorganic water-soluble ions in particles, trace gases and aerosol optical coefficients had a similar tendency to increase evidently from clear to hazy episodes. A combination of various factors contributed to the formation and evolution of the haze event, among which meteorological conditions, local anthropogenic emissions and pollutants are the major factors. High pressure system, calm surface wind and subsidence airflow were responsible for the decrease of planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the accumulation of pollutants. Atmospheric visibility correlated strongly with relative humidity (RH), particle number in size of 600-1400 nm other than particulate water-soluble species and particle mass (PM 2.5 ). The particle hygroscopicity plays an important role in atmospheric visibility reduction. The results are somewhat helpful to forecast and eliminate regional atmospheric pollution in China.

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“…Although haze pollution would, to a certain extent, stimulate the output of health services [41], it is far less than the damage it causes. In the tertiary industry, transportation and tourism are the most vulnerable sectors [42] because of reduced visibility and potential health damage [43,44]. In January 2013, direct economic losses in the national transportation industry of China were approximately 76.6 million USD because of the haze pollution [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 Pollution and Inhibitory Effects on Industry Development: A Bidirectional Correlation Effect Mechanism

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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In this paper, a vector autoregression (VAR) model has been constructed in order to analyze a two-way mechanism between PM2.5 pollution and industry development in Beijing via the combination of an impulse response function and variance decomposition. According to the results, long-term equilibrium interconnection was found between PM2.5 pollution and the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. One-way Granger causalities were found in the three types of industries shown to contribute to PM2.5 pollution, though the three industries showed different scales of influences on the PM2.5 pollution that varied for about 1–2 years. The development of the primary and secondary industries increased the emission of PM2.5, but the tertiary industry had an inhibitory effect. In addition, PM2.5 pollution had a certain inhibitory effect on the development of the primary and secondary industries, but the inhibition of the tertiary industry was not significant. Therefore, the development of the tertiary industry can contribute the most to the reduction of PM2.5 pollution. Based on these findings, policy-making recommendations can be proposed regarding upcoming pollution prevention strategies.

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The effect of air pollutants on visibility in fog and haze at New York city

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Formation and evolution mechanism of regional haze: a case study in the megacity Beijing, China

Formation and evolution mechanism of regional haze: a case study in the megacity Beijing, China

Insights into a historic severe haze event in Shanghai: synoptic situation, boundary layer and pollutants

PM2.5 Pollution and Inhibitory Effects on Industry Development: A Bidirectional Correlation Effect Mechanism

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