The effect of air-abrasion on the susceptibility of sound enamel to acid challenge

King, Olivia Johnson; Milly, Hussam; Boyes, Victoria; Austin, Rupert; Festy, Frederic; Banerjee, Avijit

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2016.01.009

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Removal of the outermost enamel layer, prior to studying enamel mineral changes, reduces the aprismatic enamel, if any, as well as the variation between the biological samples 36,37 . To examine the enamel surfaces after treatment with the control and the experimental etchant paste, characterisation of the resulting surfaces by different techniques is essential; hence flat enamel specimens were used to enable CLSM and Raman spectroscopy analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outer enamel layer was removed using a water-cooled rotating polishing machine (Meta-Serv 3000 Grinder-Polisher, Buehler, Lake Bluff, Illinois, USA) and a sequential polishing protocol with silicon carbide abrasive disks (Versocit, Struers A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) at a speed of 200 rpm: 600-grit for 10 s, 1200-grit for 20 s, 2500-grit for 30 s, and 4000-grit for 60 s. Each was followed by 1 min of water bath ultra-sonication to remove the smear layer at the enamel surface, excepting the 4000-grit which was followed by 3 min ultra-sonication. This standardized polishing protocol permits the removal of approximately 400 µm from the outer enamel layer and results in a flat, smooth and highly polished enamel surface 36 (Fig. 9A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding

Ibrahim

Thompson

Deb

2019

Sci Rep

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Orthodontic treatment is widely used to correct irregular teeth and/or jaw discrepancies to improve oral function and facial aesthetics. However, it is frequently associated with enamel damage that include chipping, demineralisation, and white spot formation. So far, current bonding systems that can maintain shear bond strengths (SBS) suitable for clinical performance are unable to limit enamel demineralisation, adhesive remnants and damage caused on removal of brackets after treatment. This study reports a novel “safe enamel etch” clinically viable procedure that was accomplished via application of novel etchant pastes developed with β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with citric acid (5 M) or phosphoric acid (37% PA) to yield BCA and BPA etchants respectively. Although enamel etched with clinically used PA gel yielded higher SBS than the BCA/BPA etchants, it exhibited greater adhesive remnants with evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the experimental etchants resulted in unblemished enamel surfaces with zero or minimal adhesive residue and clinically acceptable SBS. Furthermore, the BPA etchant caused lower enamel decalcification with extensive calcium-phosphate precipitation. The study conclusively showed that BPA facilitated in vitro enamel adhesion without detrimental effects of the aggressive PA gel with potential for remineralisation and saving time at the post-debonding step.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding

Ibrahim

Thompson

Deb

2019

Sci Rep

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“…For 42 samples, the superficial enamel layer was removed to create more consistent, reproducible surfaces using a water-cooled rotating polishing machine (Stationary micro grinder 400CS, Exakt, Histocom AG, Zug, Switzerland) with a sequential polishing protocol: 800-grit for 20 s, 1200-grit for 20 s, and 4000-grit for 45 s, followed by 3 min of ultrasonication to remove the smear layer on the enamel surface [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Air-Polishing Powders on Sound and Demineralised Enamel

Guma,

Kiliaridis,

Scherrer

et al. 2023

Materials

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Aim: To evaluate the effects of two air-polishing powders, during orthodontic treatment, on the surface roughness of sound and demineralised enamel. Materials and methods: Forty-two caries-free human molars were collected, and the enamel surfaces were flattened and polished. Teeth were assigned to two groups (n = 21 each), a sound- and a demineralised-enamel group (subjected to pH-cycling over 2 weeks to create artificially induced white spot-like lesions). Within each group, teeth were further assigned to three groups (n = 7 each), air polished with either sodium bicarbonate, erythritol, or a negative control (water). Each sample was treated for 5 and 150 s. The average surface roughness (Ra) for each sample was measured using white-light-sensor profilometry. Results: On sound enamel, the Ra was roughly 0.17 ± 0.07 μm. After 150 s of air polishing, the Ra increased with erythritol (by 0.28 μm), and even more so with bicarbonate treatment (by 0.68 μm) (p < 0.01). On demineralised enamel, the Ra was roughly 0.79 ± 0.56 μm. The Ra increased after 5 s of air-polishing treatment similarly with erythritol and bicarbonate powders (by 1.03 μm and 1.04 μm, respectively) (p = 0.025), and even more after 150 s (by 2.48 μm and 2.49 μm, respectively) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: On white spot lesions, one should be aware that enamel surface roughness will increase with both erythritol and bicarbonate air-polishing powders, especially with longer exposure times.

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“…However, this method is time-consuming. 13 BAG is a therapeutic powder made entirely of a bioactive glass called Novamin that reacts quickly on the surface to produce hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) in the presence of water. HCA and natural tooth minerals are chemically similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of different remineralization agents on microhardness and chemical composition of enamel white spot lesion

Ghanim Rahman,

Diab

2024

F1000Res

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Background White spot lesions (WSLs) are frequently linked with low microhardness and mineral content changes. several strategies have been employed to deal with these problems. This investigation aimed to analyze the microhardness and mineral content changes after remineralization with bioactive glass (BAG) and casein phospho-peptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF). Methods Twenty sound maxillary first premolars extracted were used to obtain a total of one hundred enamel samples. forty enamel slabs were split into four experimental groups (n = 10 each): Group I, BAG; Group II, BAG+CPP-ACPF; Group III, CPP-ACPF varnish; and Group IV, artificial saliva (negative control). To create artificial WSLs, all samples were preserved in a prepared demineralizing agent for 72 h before treatment with remineralizing agents. Vickers microhardness test was performed. Additionally, 60 enamel samples were selected for analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and assigned to six experimental groups; the first four groups were similar to that used in the microhardness test along with Group V: WSLs, and Group VI: baseline. The statistical analyses employed in this study included Tukey’s HSD (p<0.05), one-way ANOVA, and Shapiro-Wilk. Result Regarding surface microhardness, the BAG+CPP-ACPF group showed the most favorable recovery, which was better than the outcomes of the BAG and CPP-ACPF groups. A statistically significant change (p <0.05) was not observed between them. Similarly, for mineral content change, the BAG+CPP-ACPF group demonstrated the greatest result, The BAG group came next, and the CPP-ACPF group came last. Conclusion The BAG+CPP-ACPF group might be regarded as the best course of treatment for enhancing both the surface microhardness and mineral content (Ca, P), while the control group (Artificial saliva) showed the least satisfactory results in comparison. After demineralization, mineral content and microhardness decreased in all samples. Therefore, BAG+CPP-ACPF significantly improved the surface microhardness and mineral content.

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The effect of air-abrasion on the susceptibility of sound enamel to acid challenge

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding

A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding

An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Air-Polishing Powders on Sound and Demineralised Enamel

Efficacy of different remineralization agents on microhardness and chemical composition of enamel white spot lesion

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