The Effect of Ageing on In Vivo Human Ciliary Muscle Morphology and Contractility

Sheppard, Amy L.; Davies, Leon N.

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6447

Cited by 79 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…49,50 The ciliary muscle reportedly thickens and adopts a more anterior-inward position 51-55 but appears to retain its contractile ability well into presbyopia, 52,[56][57][58] implicating that the agerelated decline in accommodative ability is more likely lenticular in origin. The choroid is also known to undergo changes, with a decrease in thickness 9,10,59,60 and a potential stiffening with age reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Changes in Choroidal Thickness Associated With Accommodation

Woodman-Pieterse¹,

Read²,

Collins³

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE.To characterize the changes occurring in choroidal thickness (ChT) across the posterior pole during accommodation using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT).METHODS. Forty participants (mean age 21 6 2 years) had measures of ChT and ocular biometry taken during accommodation to 0, 3, and 6 diopter (D) stimuli, with the Spectralis OCT and Lenstar biometer. A Badal optometer and cold mirror system was mounted on both instruments, allowing measurement collection while subjects viewed an external fixation target at varying accommodative demands.RESULTS. The choroid exhibited significant thinning during accommodation to the 6 D stimulus in both subfoveal (mean change, À5 6 7 lm) and parafoveal regions (P < 0.001). The magnitude of these changes varied by parafoveal meridian, with the largest changes seen in the temporal (À9 6 12 lm) and inferotemporal (À8 6 8 lm) meridians (P < 0.001). Axial length increased with accommodation (mean change, þ5 6 11 lm at 3 D, þ14 6 13 lm at 6 D), and these changes were weakly negatively associated with the choroidal changes (r 2 ¼ 0.114, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS.A small, but significant thinning of the choroid was observed at the 6 D accommodation demand, which was greatest in the temporal and inferotemporal parafoveal choroid, and increased with increasing eccentricity from the fovea. The regional variation in the parafoveal thinning corresponds to the distribution of the nonvascular smooth muscle within the uvea, which may implicate these cells as the potential mechanism by which the choroid thins during accommodation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Changes in Choroidal Thickness Associated With Accommodation

Woodman-Pieterse¹,

Read²,

Collins³

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, we used the maximal ciliary muscle thickness to quantify the change in ciliary muscle dimensions in the accommodation diagram. However, a different metric, such as thickness at multiple positions, length, or cross-sectional area [19,23,24,34,35], may be used to generate accommodative diagrams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystalline lens and/or the ciliary muscle have been imaged at static accommodation states using MRI [4][5][6][7][8], ultrasound [9][10][11], Scheimpflug imaging [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and transscleral imaging with commercial time-domain (TD) OCT systems operating at wavelengths around 1300 nm [19][20][21][22][23][24]. These longer wavelengths enhance light penetration through the sclera and improve the visibility of the ciliary muscle in the OCT images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the ciliary muscle and crystalline lens interaction during accommodation with synchronous OCT imaging

Ruggeri¹,

Freitas²,

Williams³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two SD-OCT systems and a dual channel accommodation target were combined and precisely synchronized to simultaneously image the anterior segment and the ciliary muscle during dynamic accommodation. The imaging system simultaneously generates two synchronized OCT image sequences of the anterior segment and ciliary muscle with an imaging speed of 13 frames per second. The system was used to acquire OCT image sequences of a non-presbyopic and a pre-presbyopic subject accommodating in response to step changes in vergence. The image sequences were processed to extract dynamic morphological data from the crystalline lens and the ciliary muscle. The synchronization between the OCT systems allowed the precise correlation of anatomical changes occurring in the crystalline lens and ciliary muscle at identical time points during accommodation. To describe the dynamic interaction between the crystalline lens and ciliary muscle, we introduce accommodation state diagrams that display the relation between anatomical changes occurring in the accommodating crystalline lens and ciliary muscle.

show abstract

“…53 Nevertheless, in subsets of their full dataset (due to technical failures with some data), they reported a small but statistically significant decrease in cross-sectional thickness with age. 54 In 45 emmetropic subjects, they found a decrease of 0.002 mm/y at a point 2 mm posterior to the scleral spur; however, this finding was not evident in 34 myopic subjects. 54 They also found a decrease of 0.003 mm/y in maximum ciliary muscle width in a subset of 37 subjects.…”

Section: Ocular Dimensions With Agementioning

confidence: 91%

“…54 In 45 emmetropic subjects, they found a decrease of 0.002 mm/y at a point 2 mm posterior to the scleral spur; however, this finding was not evident in 34 myopic subjects. 54 They also found a decrease of 0.003 mm/y in maximum ciliary muscle width in a subset of 37 subjects. In vitro studies show an alteration in the relative proportion of muscle fibers, an increase in connective tissue beginning in the third decade, and atrophy of the muscle beyond the sixth decade.…”

Section: Ocular Dimensions With Agementioning

confidence: 91%

Quantification of Age-Related and per Diopter Accommodative Changes of the Lens and Ciliary Muscle in the Emmetropic Human Eye

Richdale

Sinnott²,

Bullimore

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE. To calculate age-related and per diopter (D) accommodative changes in crystalline lens and ciliary muscle dimensions in vivo in a single cohort of emmetropic human adults ages 30 to 50 years. METHODS.The right eyes of 26 emmetropic adults were examined using ultrasonography, phakometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Accommodation was measured both subjectively and objectively.RESULTS. In agreement with previous research, older age was linearly correlated with a thicker lens, steeper anterior lens curvature, shallower anterior chamber, and lower lens equivalent refractive index (all P < 0.01). Age was not related to ciliary muscle ring diameter (CMRD) or lens equatorial diameter (LED). With accommodation, lens thickness increased (þ0.064 mm/D, P < 0.001), LED decreased (À0.075 mm/D, P < 0.001), CMRD decreased (À0.105 mm/D, P < 0.001), and the ciliary muscle thickened anteriorly (þ0.013 to þ0.026 mm/D, P < 0.001) and thinned posteriorly (À0.011 to À0.015, P < 0.01). The changes per diopter of accommodation in LED, CMRD, and ciliary muscle thickness were not related to subject age.CONCLUSIONS. The per diopter ciliary muscle contraction is age independent, even as total accommodative amplitude declines. Quantifying normal biometric dimensions of the accommodative structures and changes with age and accommodative effort will further the development of new IOLs designed to harness ciliary muscle forces. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

show abstract

The Effect of Ageing on In Vivo Human Ciliary Muscle Morphology and Contractility

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Regional Changes in Choroidal Thickness Associated With Accommodation

Regional Changes in Choroidal Thickness Associated With Accommodation

Quantification of the ciliary muscle and crystalline lens interaction during accommodation with synchronous OCT imaging

Quantification of Age-Related and per Diopter Accommodative Changes of the Lens and Ciliary Muscle in the Emmetropic Human Eye

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About