The effect of age on mechanisms of exercise tolerance: Reduced arteriovenous oxygen difference causes lower oxygen consumption in older people

Fuller, Amy; Okwose, Nduka; Scragg, Jadine; Eggett, Christopher; Luke, Peter; Bandali, Alykhan; Velicki, Radmila; Greaves, Laura C.; MacGowan, Guy A.; Jakovljevic, Djordje G.

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111340

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Reduced systolic ventricular function is not a major factor in the reduced exercise capacity of patients with AN [29]. It has been reported that older patients have decreased oxygen availability in skeletal muscle [30] and decreased lean mass [31], both determinants of decreased exercise tolerance. However, the association between AT and muscle mass and the skeletal muscle strength of patients with AN is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic Equivalents of Safe Physical Activity Levels at Anaerobic Threshold in Anorexia Nervosa Patients

Yamashita

Kawai

Toda

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) require appropriate nutrient therapy and physical activity management. Eating disorder treatment guidelines do not include safe, evidence-based intensity criteria for exercise. This study used cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) to evaluate the exercise tolerance of patients with AN and develop treatment guidelines to optimize their physical activity. Methods CPX was done with 14 female AN patients admitted to a specialized eating disorder unit between 2015 and 2019. Their anaerobic threshold (AT) was determined by assessing their exercise tolerance using CPX and compared with 14 healthy controls (HC). The metabolic equivalents (AT-METS) were compared when AT was reached. We examined factors related to AT (AN-AT) in the AN group, including age, body mass index (BMI), previous lowest weight, minimum BMI, past duration of BMI < 15, exercise history, and ΔHR (heart rate at the AT - resting heart rate). Results The AT of the AN group (BMI: 15.7 [Mean] ± 1.8 [SD]) was significantly lower than the HC group (BMI: 19.7 ± 1.8) (AN: 10.0 ± 1.8 vs HC: 15.2 ± 3.0 ml/kg/min, P<0.001). AT-METS was also significantly lower in the AN than the HC group (AN: 2.9 ± 0.52 vs HC: 4.4 ± 0.91, P<0.001). AN-AT was highly influenced by ΔHR. Conclusion The AT-METS level for these AN patients was 2.5-3.3 METS, and this index can be used by clinicians to teach AN patients a safe exercise intensity. CPX and AT-METS are useful tools for clinicians to manage physical activity in AN patients. Level of evidence III: Evidence obtained from case-control analytic studies

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic Equivalents of Safe Physical Activity Levels at Anaerobic Threshold in Anorexia Nervosa Patients

Yamashita

Kawai

Toda

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It can predict reinfarction and all-cause death in CAD patients and was used for prognosis assessment [ 9 – 11 ]. Previous studies [ 12 – 14 ] have reported that factors contributing to exercise tolerance include age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, ejection fraction, as well as nephropathy and peripheral arterial disease, etc. However, few existing researches have focused on the exercise tolerance status among PCI patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2023

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Exercise tolerance plays a vital role in the process of cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study sought to determine the characteristics, risks and correlates of post-PCI exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We analyzed clinical data of 299 CAD patients undergoing elective PCI and completing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). According to the Weber classification, post-PCI exercise tolerance was evaluated by peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). We assessed the impact of 34 predefined clinical features, cardiac functional parameters, and blood biochemistry data on exercise tolerance by univariate analysis and logistics regression analysis. Results Of 299 patients, 74.92% were men and average age was 60.90 ± 10.68 years. VO2 peak in the entire population was 17.54 ± 3.38 ml/kg/min, and 24.41% (n = 73) were less than 16 ml/kg/min, who were considered to have exercise intolerance. Multivariate logistics regression results showed that sex, diabetes mellitus, number of stents, left atrial diameter (LAD), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and hemoglobin influenced the peak oxygen uptake of CAD patients undergoing elective PCI. (All p < 0.05). Conclusions Nearly one quarter of CAD patients have exercise intolerance in the early post-PCI period. Female, diabetes mellitus, number of stents, LAD, EDV might negatively impacted post-PCI exercise tolerance, which need further warrant by large scale cohort study.

show abstract

“…In this regard, it has been shown that normal aging as well as various clinical disease (e.g., dementia) are associated with alterations in brain structure ( Discoll et al, 2009 ; Kalpouzos et al, 2012 ) and the deterioration of cognitive performance, such as global and specific cognitive functioning (e.g., processing speed, visuospatial ability, and executive function) ( Hoogendam et al, 2014 ; O’Shea et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, there is solid evidence that physical capacity (e.g., muscle strength and mass ( Manini and Clark, 2012 ; Keller and Engelhardt, 2013 ), peak or maximum oxygen uptake ( Letnes et al, 2020 ; Fuller et al, 2021 )) decreases as a function of age. Epidemiological studies have found that the age-related loss of muscle strength (dynapenia) ( Sillanpää et al, 2014 ; Gouveia et al, 2020 ) and peak oxygen uptake ( Fleg et al, 2005 ; Arnett et al, 2008 ) were closely related to the decline in physical performance (e.g., mobility and balance).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposure Prior to Aerobic Cycling Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Geriatric Patients—A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: It was recently shown that intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) applied prior to a multimodal training program promoted additional improvements in cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients compared to physical training only. However, there is a gap in the literature to which extent the addition of IHHE can enhance the effects of an aerobic training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of IHHE applied prior to aerobic cycling exercise on cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients.Methods: In a randomized, two-armed, controlled, and single-blinded trial, 25 geriatric patients (77–94 years) were assigned to two groups: intervention group (IG) and sham control group (CG). Both groups completed 6 weeks of aerobic training using a motorized cycle ergometer, three times a week for 20 min per day. The IG was additionally exposed to intermittent hypoxic and hyperoxic periods for 30 min prior to exercise. The CG followed the similar procedure breathing sham hypoxia and hyperoxia (i.e., normoxia). Within 1 week before and after the interventions, cognitive performance was assessed with the Dementia-Detection Test (DemTect) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), while physical performance was measured using the Timed “Up and Go” Test (TUG) and the Short-Physical-Performance-Battery (SPPB).Results: No interaction effect was found with respect to the DemTect (ηp2 = 0.02). An interaction effect with medium effect size (ηp2 = 0.08) was found for CDT performance with a higher change over time for IG (d = 0.57) compared to CG (d = 0.05). The ANCOVA with baseline-adjustment indicated between-group differences with a large and medium effect size at post-test for the TUG (ηp2 = 0.29) and SPPB (ηp2 = 0.06) performance, respectively, in favour of the IG. Within-group post-hoc analysis showed that the TUG performance was worsened in the CG (d = 0.65) and remained unchanged in the IG (d = 0.19). Furthermore, SPPB performance was increased (d = 0.58) in IG, but no relevant change over time was found for CG (d = 0.00).Conclusion: The current study suggests that an additional IHHE prior to aerobic cycling exercise seems to be more effective to increase global cognitive functions as well as physical performance and to preserve functional mobility in geriatric patients in comparison to aerobic exercise alone after a 6-week intervention period.

show abstract

The effect of age on mechanisms of exercise tolerance: Reduced arteriovenous oxygen difference causes lower oxygen consumption in older people

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Metabolic Equivalents of Safe Physical Activity Levels at Anaerobic Threshold in Anorexia Nervosa Patients

Metabolic Equivalents of Safe Physical Activity Levels at Anaerobic Threshold in Anorexia Nervosa Patients

Factors contributing to exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposure Prior to Aerobic Cycling Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Geriatric Patients—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About