The Effect of Age on Cervical Sagittal Alignment

Park, Moon Soo; Moon, Seong Hwan; Lee, Hwan Mo; Kim, Seok Woo; Kim, So Yeon; Lee, Seung Yeop; Riew, K. Daniel

doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e31828802c2

Cited by 79 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In another study of 100 healthy unoperated adults who were free of spinal problems and underwent whole-spine standing radiographs, the subjects consisted of two groups divided by age: those in their 20s and those above 60 15. The Oc–C2 angle was maintained but the C2–C7 angle increased in the old group compared with the young group 15. The maintained Oc–C2 angle is concordant with the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…5 6 7 8 Cervical sagittal ROM is composed of upper cervical and lower cervical ROM between the cervical spine and chest (cervicosternal angle) 79 10 11 Also C2–C7 plumb line distances were reported to be distributed in a narrow range12 13 and maintained with aging 15. However, there are only two articles regarding the changes in lower cervical ROM in older adults,7 8 and there has been no report regarding the changes in the upper cervical and cervicosternal ROM, as well as sagittal alignment measured by C2 and C7 plumb lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The individuals underwent cervical lateral radiograph while sitting on a stool with film-tube distance of 1.5 m9 10 or standing with film-tube distance of 1.5 m,7 and the subjects underwent cervical lateral radiograph while standing and film-tube distance was set at 1.8 m in the current study. In another study of 100 healthy unoperated adults who were free of spinal problems and underwent whole-spine standing radiographs, the subjects consisted of two groups divided by age: those in their 20s and those above 60 15. The Oc–C2 angle was maintained but the C2–C7 angle increased in the old group compared with the young group 15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The C7 plumb line shows the sagittal alignment of the thoracic and lumbar spine and moves forward with aging 14. The sagittal alignment by C2 and C7 plumb lines shows the sagittal alignment of the cervical spine and is maintained with aging 15. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report regarding changes to the upper cervical and cervicosternal ROM and only one article regarding to the sagittal alignment by C2 and C7 plumb lines in older people 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sagittal alignment by C2 and C7 plumb lines shows the sagittal alignment of the cervical spine and is maintained with aging 15. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report regarding changes to the upper cervical and cervicosternal ROM and only one article regarding to the sagittal alignment by C2 and C7 plumb lines in older people 15. The purpose of this study is to investigate the age-related changes in the sagittal ROM of the cervical spine and the sagittal alignment by C2 and C7 plumb lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Age-Related Changes in Cervical Sagittal Range of Motion and Alignment

Park

Moon

Lee

et al. 2014

Global Spine Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective To compare sagittal cervical range of motion (ROM) and alignment in young versus middle-aged adults. Methods One hundred four asymptomatic adults were selected randomly out of 791 subjects who underwent lateral cervical radiographs in neutral, flexion, and extension positions. They were divided into two groups: young (age 20 to 29, 52 people) and middle-aged adults (age 50 to 59, 52 people). We determined the ROMs of upper cervical (occipital–C2 angle), midcervical (C2–C7 angle), and cervicothoracic spine (cervicosternal angle). We compared the alignment differences of the two groups by calculating the distances between C2 and C7 plumb lines, and C2 central-offset distance. Results In neutral position, there was no significant difference between young and middle-aged adults. However, in flexion, C2–C7 angle, distance between C2–C7 plumb lines, and C2 central-offset distance decreased with age. In extension, C2–C7 angle and C2 central-offset distance decreased with age. During flexion and extension, midcervical ROM and the range of C2 central-offset distance decreased in the middle-aged group. However, there was no difference between the two age groups in the ROM of the upper cervical and the cervicothoracic regions during flexion and extension. Conclusion We found that, despite of the presence of age-related cervical alignment changes, the only difference between the two groups was in the sagittal ROM of the midcervical spine during flexion and extension. Only the ROM of the midcervical spine appears to change significantly, consistent with findings that these levels are most likely to develop both symptomatic and asymptomatic degenerative changes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Age-Related Changes in Cervical Sagittal Range of Motion and Alignment

Park

Moon

Lee

et al. 2014

Global Spine Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The effect of aging on the anatomic position of the thyroid gland

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thyroid disease is common among elderly patients, frequently necessitating thyroid gland examination, imaging, and surgery. However, no prior studies have determined the effect of age on the anatomic position of the thyroid gland in the anterior neck. We hypothesized that the thyroid gland resides at a more caudal position in the neck in elderly patients as compared to younger patients. Head and neck CT scans were collected from 122 atraumatic patients without thyroid disease aged 18-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years, and 80+ years. Measurements of thyroid gland position and other aspects of head and neck anatomy were conducted in the mid-sagittal plane. The distance between the thyroid gland and the sternal notch decreased from 45 ± 10.4 mm in the 18-39 age group to 30.8 ± 9 mm in the 80+ age group (P < 0.001). The position of the gland did not change significantly relative to anatomic landmarks in the head or neck, although the trachea was angled more closely to the horizontal plane in elderly patients (P < 0.001). Cervical spine height was also lower among patients ≥60 years of age compared to those <60 years of age (P < 0.001). Multivariate linear modeling suggested that thyroid gland position was dependent on changes in cervical spine height, hyoid bone to hard palate distance, and tracheal angle (P = 1.7 × 10 ; r = 0.37). Clinicians should be aware of the more caudad positioning of the gland when planning surgery or screening for thyroid disease in the elderly. Clin. Anat. 30:205-212, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract