The Effect of Age and Gender on Pressure Pain Thresholds and Suprathreshold Stimuli

Petrini, Laura; Matthiesen, Susan Tomczak; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars

doi:10.1068/p7847

Cited by 68 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, in the present study, patients harboring a neuromuscular disease were investigated. Petrini et al [18] showed that the PPDT significantly decreased with age, which is in agreement with our findings. It has been suggested that pain experiences in the elderly differ from the experiences in the young and that the elderly may also appraise pain experiences using different psychological strategies [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Myalgia in 30 Patients with Suspected Myopathy

Urban

Lehmann

Scholle

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: In patients with neuromuscular disorder, only little data of myalgia frequency and characterization exists. To date, only a weak correlation between pain intensity and pressure pain threshold has been found, and it remains enigmatic whether high pain intensity levels are equivalent to high pain sensitivity levels in neuromuscular disorders. Methods: 30 sequential patients with suspected neuromuscular disorder and myalgia were analyzed with regard to myalgia characteristics and clinical findings, including symptoms of depression and anxiety and pain- threshold. Results: A neuromuscular disorder was diagnosed in 14/30 patients. Muscular pain fasciculation syndrome (MPFS) without evidence for myopathy or myositis was diagnosed in 10/30 patients and 6/30 patients were diagnosed with pure myalgia without evidence for a neuromuscular disorder (e.g., myopathy, myositis, MPFS, polymyalgia rheumatica). Highest median pain scores were found in patients with pure myalgia and polymyalgia rheumatica. Pressure pain threshold measurement showed a significant difference between patients and controls in the biceps brachii muscle. Conclusion: Only a weak correlation between pain intensity and pressure pain threshold has been suggested, which is concordant with our results. The hypothesis that high pain intensity levels are equivalent to high pain sensitivity levels was not demonstrated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Myalgia in 30 Patients with Suspected Myopathy

Urban

Lehmann

Scholle

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…We selected age, diabetes mellitus, sex, hypertension, depression, anxiety, physical activity, and smoking as potential confounding variables. Age, diabetes mellitus, and female sex have previously been reported to be associated with increased risk for unrecognized MI and are also associated with pain sensitivity . Diabetes mellitus was defined as glycated hemoglobin >6.5 or use of antidiabetic medication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age, diabetes mellitus, and female sex have previously been reported to be associated with increased risk for unrecognized MI 6,7,10,21,22 and are also associated with pain sensitivity. [23][24][25] Diabetes mellitus was defined as glycated hemoglobin >6.5 or use of antidiabetic medication. Hypertension is a risk factor for unrecognized MI, 21 and an association between increasing blood pressure and hypoalgesia has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Selection Of Potential Confounding Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Tolerance in Persons With Recognized and Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction: A Population‐Based, Cross‐Sectional Study

Øhrn

Nielsen

Schirmer

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundUnrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent condition associated with a similar risk of death as recognized MI. It is unknown why some persons experience MI with few or no symptoms; however, one possible explanation is attenuated pain sensitivity. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the association between pain sensitivity and recognition of MI.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study with 4849 included participants who underwent the cold pressor test (a common experimental pain assay) and ECG. Unrecognized MI was present in 387 (8%) and recognized MI in 227 (4.7%) participants. Participants with unrecognized MI endured the cold pressor test significantly longer than participants with recognized MI (hazard ratio for aborting the cold pressor test, 0.64; CI, 0.47–0.88), adjusted for age and sex. The association was attenuated and borderline significant after multivariable adjustment. The association between unrecognized MI and lower pain sensitivity was stronger in women than in men, and statistically significant in women only, but interaction testing was not statistically significant (P for interaction=0.14).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that persons who experience unrecognized MI have reduced pain sensitivity compared with persons who experience recognized MI. This may partially explain the lack of symptoms associated with unrecognized MI.

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“…Some studies have suggested that increasing age is associated with a greater risk for DPN with increasing age 15 . In the present study, it is possible that the apparent decrease in DPN-related sensory symptoms/signs observed with age might be due to an increase in pain threshold with age [21][22][23] . DPN-related symptoms do not necessarily coincide with the severity of DPN (i.e., extent of fiber reduction), as subjective symptoms might improve while DPN worsens.…”

Section: Correlations Between Patient Characteristics and Dpn-relatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with diabetic polyneuropathy‐related sensory symptoms and signs in patients with polyneuropathy: A cross‐sectional Japanese study (JDDM 52) using a non‐linear model

Yokoyama

Tsuji

Hayashi

et al. 2019

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/Introduction To assess the prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN)‐related sensory symptoms/signs and associated factors in patients with polyneuropathy, considering non‐linear effects for numerical variables. Materials and Methods A cross‐sectional survey of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 17 primary care clinics across Japan was carried out. DPN and DPN‐related sensory symptoms/signs were diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. Results Of the 9,914 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study, 2,745 had DPN and 1,689 had DPN‐related sensory symptoms/signs (61.5% of patients with DPN). There were significant correlations between DPN‐related sensory symptoms/signs and smoking status (odds ratio 2.04 for current and 1.64 for former; P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively), sex (odds ratio 0.56 for male/female; P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (odds ratio 2.02 for former/never; P = 0.004). Based on the non‐linear logistic regression model, significant correlations were observed between the presence of DPN‐related sensory symptoms/signs and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), longer diabetes duration, and decreasing age. The logarithm of odds for SBP increased until reaching approximately 130 mmHg, then it plateaued. Conclusions Some modifiable factors assessed in the large survey database might be associated with DPN‐related sensory symptoms/signs, namely smoking, alcohol consumption and SBP. Maintaining SBP <130 mmHg was associated with lower odds of DPN‐related sensory symptoms/signs in patients with DPN.

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The Effect of Age and Gender on Pressure Pain Thresholds and Suprathreshold Stimuli

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

Myalgia in 30 Patients with Suspected Myopathy

Myalgia in 30 Patients with Suspected Myopathy

Pain Tolerance in Persons With Recognized and Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction: A Population‐Based, Cross‐Sectional Study

Factors associated with diabetic polyneuropathy‐related sensory symptoms and signs in patients with polyneuropathy: A cross‐sectional Japanese study (JDDM 52) using a non‐linear model

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