The Effect of Additives on the Combustion Temperature of Cigarettes

Scopolamine (hyoscine) is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in solonacea, the so-called "night shade" plants. Therapeutic applications of scopolamine are in ophthalmology to cause mydriasis and for the prevention of motion sickness, among others. It is known to induce hallucinogenic effects at a high dose. The N-butyl bromide derivative of scopolamine, available commercially as Buscopan, is commonly used as an antispasmotic. The possibility of forming scopolamine from N-butyl-scopolammonium bromide when burning cigarettes fortified with Buscopan was investigated based on a record of a prison inmate who claimed to experience hallucinations after smoking Buscopan. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in electrospray ionization mode was used to monitor the formation of scopolamine. Various series of eight cigarettes spiked with 10 mg of N-butyl-scopolammonium bromide with and without filters and in different smoking modes were investigated. The smoke of the burning cigarettes, the ashes, and the filter were analyzed for the presence of scopolamine. Scopolamine was detected in all cases.

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Formation of Scopolamine from N-Butyl-Scopolammonium Bromide in Cigarettes

Frascht

Schneider

Schuman

et al. 2007

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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Potassium Organic Salts as Burn Additives in Cigarettes

Liu

Parry

2003

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYThree potassium salts of organic acids, namely malate, citrate and tartrate, have been sprayed onto flue-cured blend tobacco and subsequently tested for their performance as burn additives in cigarettes. In one experiment where potassium malate was added to vary the final tobacco potassium from ca. 3.1% to 8.3% (wet weight), an almost linearly reduction in puff temperature was measured. This was accompanied by a gradual increase in the cigarette's pressure drop. In another set of experiments where the final tobacco potassium contents were increased to ca. 5.1%, the three potassium salts showed almost equal reduction in the mainstream nicotine-free-dry-particulate-matter (NFDPM) at 32-35%, nicotine at 25-32% and carbon monoxide at 24-35%. Puff number showed ca. 23% increase with malate, 13% with citrate and almost unchanged for tartrate. Evidence of melting and coating by potassium malate was discovered in cigarette ash by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This contributed to a noticeable change in ash morphology: small ash particles appeared to be coated and more tightly bonded together by the melt. This phenomenon was thought to be able to restrict the airflow during puffing, hence causing the measured increase in pressure drop, and the reductions in puff temperature, NFDPM, nicotine and carbon monoxide. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 20 (2003) RESUMETrois sels potassiques d'acides organiques, notamment le malate, le citrate et le tartrate ont été ajoutés sur un mélange de tabacs flue-cured et ensuite évalués pour leur emploi comme additifs de combustion dans des cigarettes. Dans une première série d'expériences, où le malate de potassium avait été appliqué pour augmenter la quantité de potassium dans le tabac d'environ 3.1% à 8.3% (poids humide), une réduction presque linéaire de la température au cours des bouffées a été mesurée. Ce phénomène a été accompagné par une augmentation graduelle de la perte de charge des cigarettes. Dans une deuxième série d'expériences, où la quantité de potassium dans le tabac avait été augmentée jusqu'à environ 5.1%, les trois sels potassiques ont provoqué dans la fumée du courant principal une réduction presque identique du rendement en matière particulaire anhydre et exempte de nicotine (MPAEN) de 32-35%, en nicotine de 25-32% et en monoxyde de carbone de 24-35%. Le nombre des bouffées était augmenté d'environ 23% en cas d'applica-

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The Effect of Additives on the Combustion Temperature of Cigarettes

Cited by 2 publications

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Formation of Scopolamine from N-Butyl-Scopolammonium Bromide in Cigarettes

Formation of Scopolamine from N-Butyl-Scopolammonium Bromide in Cigarettes

Potassium Organic Salts as Burn Additives in Cigarettes

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