The Effect of Acute Alcoholic Intoxication on the Blood-Brain Barrier

Horsey, William J.

doi:10.1097/00005072-195312040-00004

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As it was suggested by Jarnefelt 16 alcohol prevents the active transport mechanism of sodium through choroid plexuses, which explains the several effects of alcohol in intact nervous cells. A disorder in fluid and electrolite distribution was shown by Nicholson & Taylor (1938) who observed after alcohol ingestion a diuresis of sodium, potassium, chloride and nitrogen retention (cited by Horsey) 17 . So, due to such results we can suggest a probable modification in the ionic balance of CSF and consequently its homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultrastructural alterations of choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism

Tirapelli

Tâmega

Petroni³

2000

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Adult male rats (Wistar lineage) were alcoholized with sugar cane liquor diluted at 30 0 GL during 300 days and sacrificed every 60 days in 5 stages. Samples of choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles were collected and examined at transmission electronic microscope to detect possible ultrastructural alterations and to raise possible pathological correlations. Gradual changes were observed in these animals during all the experiment: dilatation and enlargement of cisternae of Golgi complex, dilatation of RER, presence of digestive vacuoles and a large amount of pinocytic vesicles as well as vesicles with electronlucent content throughout cytoplasm, as well as an enlargement of intercellular space between basolateral interdigitation of the cells and of the connective tissue. The changes observed in the epithelium and connective tissue of choroid plexuses specially in 240 and 300 days of treatment are presumably due to a disturbance in hydroelectrolitic homeostasis, contributing to several morpho-functional disturbs of central nervous system. No changes were observed in the control group animals.KEY WORDS: chronic alcoholization, choroid plexus, rats, morphologic alterations. Alterações ultraestruturais dos plexos coróides dos ventrículos laterais de ratos (rattus norvegicus) submetidos a alcoolismo crônico experimentalRESUMO -Ratos machos adultos (linhagem Wistar) foram alcoolizados com aguardente de cana diluída a 30 0 GL durante 300 dias e sacrificados a cada 60 dias em 5 etapas. Amostras dos plexos coróides dos ventrículos laterais foram coletadas e examinadas ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão para detectar possíveis alterações ultraestruturais e suas correlações patológicas. Alterações graduais foram observadas nestes animais durante todo o experimento: dilatação e aumento das cisternas de complexo de Golgi, dilatação do retículo endoplasmático rugoso, presença de vacúolos digestivos e grande quantidade de vesículas pinocíticas assim como de vesículas de conteúdo elétron-lúcido por todo o citoplasma, além de aumento do espaço intercelular, entre as interdigitações das células assim como no tecido conjuntivo. As alterações observadas no epitélio e no tecido conjuntivo dos plexos coróides, especialmente aos 240 e 300 dias de tratamento, são devidas possivelmente a distúrbios na homeostase hidro-eletrolítica, podendo assim contribuir para vários distúrbios morfo-funcionais do sistema nervoso central. Nenhuma alteração foi observada nos animais do grupo controle. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: alcoolização crônica, plexo coróide, ratos, alterações morfológicas.Studies conducted in experimental animals as well as in man showed that excessive consumption of alcohol involves mainly the central nervous system(CNS) 1 . So, Clair 1 observed that 40% to 70% of chronic alcoholics show an enlargement of encephalic ventricles and cortical reduction 1 . According to Fortes 2 , the difusion of ethanol through the hemato-encephalic barrier occurs

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultrastructural alterations of choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism

Tirapelli

Tâmega

Petroni³

2000

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…It should be noted that conventional heating of the brain also causes disruption of the barrier [Merritt et al, 19781. Another agent that effects the blood-brain barrier is ethanol. Early studies [Horsey, 1953;Lee, 19621 based on blood-alcohol concentrations lethal to human beings found that ethanol could disrupt the barrier. More recent studies involving blood alcohol concentrations associated with normal intoxication, and even at anesthetic concentrations, have revealed that ethanol does not change the barrier's permeability to normally excluded substances [Basseches and Digregorio, 1980;Erikson et al, 1979;Phillips, 19811. Microwave-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier has been shown to be reversible [Albert and Kerns, 1981;Lin and Lin, 19821.…”

Section: In Trod Uctl Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of ethanol and microwaves on the blood‐brain barrier of rats

Neilly

Lin

1986

Bioelectromagnetics

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The combined effects of ethanol and microwaves on the permeation of Evans blue dye through the mammalian blood-brain barrier was studied in male Wistar rats. Anesthetized rats were infused through a cannula in the left femoral vein with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 or 0.7 grams of absolute ethanol per kilogram of body mass. A control group was given 0.7 g/kg of isotonic saline. The left hemisphere of the brain was irradiated by 3.15-GHz microwave energy at 3.0 W/cm2 rms for 15 min. The rat's rectal temperature was maintained at 37.0 degrees C. Immediately after irradiation, 2% Evans blue dye in saline (2.0 ml/kg body mass) was injected through the cannula. The results show that as the quantity of alcohol was increased, the degree of staining was decreased or eliminated. The temperature of the irradiated area of the brain increased for the first 4 to 5 minutes of irradiation and then stabilized for the remainder of the irradiation period. The steady-state temperature was highest in animals receiving saline or the smallest dose of alcohol. As the quantity of alcohol was increased, the steady-state temperature was reduced. These results indicate that ethanol inhibits microwave-induced permeation of the blood-brain barrier through reduced heating of the brain.

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Absorption, Diffusion, Distribution, and Elimination of Ethanol: Effects on Biological Membranes

Kalant

1971

The Biology of Alcoholism

120

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The Effect of Acute Alcoholic Intoxication on the Blood-Brain Barrier

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Ultrastructural alterations of choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism

Ultrastructural alterations of choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism

Interaction of ethanol and microwaves on the blood‐brain barrier of rats

Absorption, Diffusion, Distribution, and Elimination of Ethanol: Effects on Biological Membranes

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