The effect of acupressure applied to points LV4 and LI4 on perceived acute postpartum perineal pain after vaginal birth with episiotomy: a randomized controlled study

The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…The participants were primi‐ or multiparous and experienced term childbirth with episiotomies. The cold application types were ice packs (Geetha & Shankar, 2014; Minov, 2017; Şolt & Gül, 2020), cold gel packs/pads (Maha et al, 2017; Sheikhan et al, 2011), crushed ice gel pads (El‐Saidy et al, 2018) and cold application methods not otherwise specified (Bini Solomon & Ahitha, 2019).…”

“…A total of 7 studies (Bini Solomon & Ahitha, 2019; El‐Saidy et al, 2018; Geetha & Shankar, 2014; Maha et al, 2017; Minov, 2017; Sheikhan et al, 2011; Şolt & Gül, 2020) utilised cold gel pack, crushed ice gel pad, ice pack and cold gel pad applications together with routine care, acupressure, no application and lavender oil applications. Four studies that compared cold application, cold gel pads, cold gel packs and ice packages with routine care showed that cold application was more effective in reducing pain after an episiotomy than routine care (warm sitz bath with betadine or cleaning the perineum or no application) (Maha et al, 2017, p < .001; Sheikhan et al, 2011, p = .014, Geetha & Shankar, 2014, p = .029, Bini Solomon & Ahitha, 2019, p < .001).…”

“…Cold application comes in different forms, such as ice packs, cold gel pads or cold/ice baths, to treat perineal lacerations (Leventhal et al, 2011). Cold application constitutes a non‐pharmacological, non‐invasive, low‐cost and simple method to reduce local tissue temperature and also help reduce pain after an episiotomy (Şolt & Gül, 2020; Vargens Octavio et al, 2013). Although the physiopathology of the cold application employed in reducing post‐episiotomy pain is not clearly known, research has found that it causes vasoconstriction.…”

The effect of Hugo point acupressure massage on respiratory volume and pain intensity due to deep breathing in patients with chest tube after chest surgeries

“…Regarding the positive effect of Hugo point acupressure massage on reducing the pain intensity in patients in the chest tube at the expiratory stage, no similar study has been performed so far, however, in line with the positive effect of Hugo point acupressure massage on reducing pain in various diseases in line with the results of the study of Akgün et al (2020), the acupressure group (P6 and LI4) had the lowest post-cesarean pain compared to the placebo group and the control group [ 18 ]. Also, in many studies, Hugo point massage has had a significant effect on reducing natural childbirth and post-cesarean pain [ 17 , [21] , [22] , [23] ]. Ganji et al (2014) in a systematic review study reported that to reduce labor pain with more confidence can use acupressure massage of spleen 6 and Hugo points compared to other points (gallbladder 21, bladder 32, and bladder 63) because these points have been used in most studies with acceptable validity [ 24 ].…”

“…Spirometry is required to improve pulmonary function in gas exchange and oxygenation however, most patients are not able to breathe deeply because of pain at the site of chest surgery. Various studies have been performed on the effectiveness of Hugo point acupressure to reduce pain [ [15] , [16] , [17] ]. Due to the lack of a study of the effect of Hugo pressure on the chest tube pain, we conducted a study to determine the effect of Hugo massage on the respiratory volume and the pain intensity in patients with the chest tube.…”