The effect of acorn muffin consumption on glycemic indices and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Abstract

Despite the presence of various approaches for controlling diabetes mellitus (DM), such as dietary adjustment (Asif, 2014) and hypoglycemic agents, some patients do not receive the full advantages of current methods due to several restrictions, such as medication costs, accessibility, and concern about the adverse effects of drugs (Sasani et al., 2021). Due to the potentially severe complications of DM, recognizing new applicable approaches for prevention and controlling DM is critical. Identifying and utilizing functional foods (FFs) is one of these new strategies (Mirmiran et al., 2014), where FFs are products in the form of food, not drugs, which provide positive health effects when they are consumed in a normal amount in a usual diet (Amiri Ardekani et al., 2020).Throughout history, acorn, the oak fruit, has been considered as a food and is a part of the usual daily diet in various regions, globally (Burlacu et al., 2020). Acorn contains notable amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (Taib & Bouyazza, 2021). Moreover, it contains a high amount of phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins (Şöhretoğlu & Sakar, 2004), which confers antidiabetic effects by enhancing

Effect of oral dosage of Spirulina platensis and silver nanoparticles on glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzymes in male rats induced di-abetics by alloxan

“…(M5). The results agreed with Lee et al, [33] who found, through a study conducted on humans suffering from high blood sugar, a role for spirulina in improving the health status of blood lipid profile, and the results agreed with Gargouri et al, [34] who found a role for spirulina algae supplements in lowering blood lipid profile of harmful cholesterol and improve the level of beneficial cholesterol in diabetic rats, the reason was explained by the ability of spirulina to reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine, in addition to its content of the amino acid cysteine found in the protein C-Phycocyanins. On the other hand, the results were in line agreement with [35,36] how found through a study on humans how are suffering from diabetes type II how were supplemented with spirulina sauce every day as a treatment and they found a reduction in TG, TC and LDL when compared with their level in the beginning of the experiment and they observed reduction in waistline and hungriness and increase the feeling of fullness among patients.…”

Translational Research on Bee Pollen as a Source of Nutrients: A Scoping Review from Bench to Real World

“…Echium plantagineum oil [ 237 ] and Quercus sp. fruits [ 238 ] have been shown to possess diverse antidiabetic and metabolic-syndrome-lowering activities by human clinical studies. Rosa rugosa [ 239 , 240 ] has also been reported, experimentally and ethnopharmacologically, to have such effects.…”

Acorns as a Source of Valuable Compounds for Food and Medical Applications: A Review of Quercus Species Diversity and Laboratory Studies

“…Inhibition of diabetes-related enzymes was also confirmed by Nogueira et al [122], who obtained positive results of α-glucosidase inhibition via an acorn (Q. robur) buffer extract. Promising results related to the influence of acorn phenolic compounds on glycemic control were also obtained by Sasani et al [128], who conducted research based on the consumption of acorn muffins with acorn flour.…”

“…The health-promoting properties of acorns are due to the presence of phytonutrients in them, among which the most important are phenolic compounds, triterpenes, sterols, tocopherols, and carotenoids [10,13]. Q. brantii extract from the seed hull with 70% ethanol mucoadhesive gel for the treatment of periodontitis antioxidant and antibacterial activity of polyphenols [125] water extract from acorns intraperitoneally administered at a single dose of 50 mg/kg-study on rats inhibition of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH)-prevents liver damage [121] hydroalcoholic extract from acorn internal fruit in vitro experiment inhibition of HEWL amyloid formation [127] acorn flour acorn muffins-oral administration in diet (10 g of acorn flour per day) reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)-anti-diabetic activity of polyphenols [128] The high content of phenolic compounds is important for the health-promoting nature of acorns and products obtained from them. Şenol et al [123] and Gezici and Sekeroglu [131] indicated the relationship between the content of phenolic compounds in acorn extract and the inhibition of enzymes catalyzing the neurotransmitter degradation reaction: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).…”