The effect of acidification and the combined effects of acidification/lipid extraction on carbon stable isotope ratios for sub-arctic and arctic marine zooplankton species

Please cite this article as: Kürten, B., Al-Aidaroos, A.M., Kürten, S., El-Sherbiny, M.M., Devassy, R.P., Struck, U., Zarokanellos, N., Jones, B.H., Hansen, T., Bruss, G., Sommer, U., Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of pelagic zooplankton elucidate ecohydrographic features in the oligotrophic Red Sea, Progress in Oceanography (2015), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean. 2015.11.003 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. only by the thermohaline circulation, but also by mesoscale activities that transports nutrients to the upper water layers and interact with the general circulation pattern. Ecohydrographic features of the Red Sea, therefore, aid in explaining the observed configurations of isoscapes at the macroecological scale.

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“…Atlantidae, Ostracoda, Pteropoda and of veliger larvae), were arithmetically corrected following Pomerleau et al (2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of pelagic zooplankton elucidate ecohydrographic features in the oligotrophic Red Sea

Kürten

Al-Aidaroos

Kurten

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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“…The results were normalized to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard (PDB) for δ 13 C (Overman and Parrish, 2001). The stable isotope ratios are expressed in δ notation of units per mill as follows (Pomerleau et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2015): where X = 13 C and R = 13 C/ 12 C. The precision of the stable isotope analyses was ±0.1‰. The C:N ratio is expressed as a molar ratio.…”

Section: Stable Isotope Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The δ 13 C isotope signature provides a chemical record of primary production sources in higher trophic consumers (Fry, 2006;Logan and Lutcavage, 2013). The δ 13 C is more depleted in the synthesis of lipids than in the synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates (DeNiro and Epstein 1977;Pomerleau et al, 2014). Most mesopelagic fish have a higher lipid content than other fish (Stowasser et al, 2009b;Hoffman et al, 2010;Koussoroplis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the fatty acid composition of mesopelagic fish of the continental slope in the South China Sea

Wang

Cui

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Study of the ecology of mesopelagic fish is central to assessing the active biological pump in the ocean, especially in the mesopelagic layer. As a consequence of the small size and pressure change, traditional stomach content analysis is not useful for analyzing the feeding behavior of mesopelagic fish. The use of δ 13 C and fatty acid analyses can help to resolve this problem. The mesopelagic fish examined in this study were collected from the continental slope in the north of the South China Sea (SCS), and are compared with nearshore SCS fish and fish collected from the Southern Ocean. The unusually high lipid content of the mesopelagic fish resulted in △δ 13 C values (i.e., the difference in δ 13 C between unextracted and extracted tissues) exceeding 1‰, which is more than the enrichment factor in the food web. Thus, extraction of lipids was conducted prior to δ 13 C isotope analysis for the study of trophic interactions of mesopelagic fish. Compared with other fish, mesopelagic fish had high C18:1n-9/C18:1n-7 and C20:1n-9/ C18:1n-7 ratios, which confirms that plankton is their main dietary source. Diatoms comprise a higher proportion of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean and a lower proportion in the SCS, and this is reflected in the C20:5n-3/C22:6n-3 (EPA/DHA) ratio in mesopelagic fish in each region. The low EPA/DHA ratio in SCS fish indicates that diatoms are not the main component in the diet of mesopelagic fish. The SCS mesopelagic fish had higher C20:4n-6/C22:6n-3 (ARA/DHA) and C20:4n-6/C20:5n-3 (ARA/EPA) ratios than fish in the SouthernOcean. This result suggests that physical factors (e.g., temperature) also affect the fatty acid composition of these fish, particularly because certain fatty acids enable the fish to better adapt to extreme environmental conditions. Future studies of the synthesis of fatty acids in particular species should take account of both the dietary sources and physical factors in their environment. Keywords: mesopelagic fishes, lipids, δ 13 C, fatty acids, temperature, South China Sea Abstract Study of the ecology of mesopelagic fish is central to assessing the active biological pump in the ocean, especially in the mesopelagic layer. As a consequence of the small size and pressure change, traditional stomach content analysis is not useful for analyzing the feeding behavior of mesopelagic fish. The use of δ 13 C and fatty acid analyses can help to resolve this problem. The mesopelagic fish examined in this study were collected from the continental slope in the north of the South China Sea (SCS), and are compared with nearshore SCS fish and fish collected from the Southern Ocean. The unusually high lipid content of the mesopelagic fish resulted in ∆δ 13 C values (i.e., the difference in δ 13 C between unextracted and extracted tissues) exceeding 1‰, which is more than the enrichment factor in the food web. Thus, extraction of lipids was conducted prior to δ 13 C isotope analysis for the study of trophic interactions of mesopelagic fish.Compared with other fish, mesopelagic fish...

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“…The results were normalized to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard (PDB) for δ 13 C (Overman and Parrish, 2001). The stable isotope ratios are expressed in δ notation of units per mill as follows (Pomerleau et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2015): Cbulk). All data on fatty acid compositions are presented as the mean ± SD.…”

Section: Stable Isotope Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C is more depleted in the synthesis of lipids than in the synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates (DeNiro and Epstein 1977;Pomerleau et al, 2014). Most mesopelagic fish have a higher lipid content than other fish (Stowasser et al, 2009b;Hoffman et al, 2010;Koussoroplis et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the ecology of mesopelagic fish is central to assessing the active biological pump in the ocean, especially in the mesopelagic layer. As a consequence of the small size and pressure change, traditional stomach content analysis is not useful for analyzing the feeding behavior of mesopelagic fish. The use of δ 13 C and fatty acid analyses can help to resolve this problem. The mesopelagic fish examined in this study were collected from the continental slope in the north of the South China Sea (SCS), and are compared with nearshore SCS fish and fish collected from the Southern Ocean. The unusually high lipid content of the mesopelagic fish resulted in △δ 13 C values (i.e., the difference in δ 13 C between unextracted and extracted tissues) exceeding 1‰, which is more than the enrichment factor in the food web. Thus, extraction of lipids was conducted prior to δ 13 C isotope analysis for the study of trophic interactions of mesopelagic fish. Compared with other fish, mesopelagic fish had high C18:1n-9/C18:1n-7 and C20:1n-9/ C18:1n-7 ratios, which confirms that plankton is their main dietary source. Diatoms comprise a higher proportion of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean and a lower proportion in the SCS, and this is reflected in the C20:5n-3/C22:6n-3 (EPA/DHA) ratio in mesopelagic fish in each region. The low EPA/DHA ratio in SCS fish indicates that diatoms are not the main component in the diet of mesopelagic fish. The SCS mesopelagic fish had higher C20:4n-6/C22:6n-3 (ARA/DHA) and C20:4n-6/C20:5n-3 (ARA/EPA) ratios than fish in the SouthernOcean. This result suggests that physical factors (e.g., temperature) also affect the fatty acid composition of these fish, particularly because certain fatty acids enable the fish to better adapt to extreme environmental conditions. Future studies of the synthesis of fatty acids in particular species should take account of both the dietary sources and physical factors in their environment. Study of the ecology of mesopelagic fish is central to assessing the active biological pump in the ocean, especially in the mesopelagic layer. As a consequence of the small size and pressure change, traditional stomach content analysis is not useful for analyzing the feeding behavior of mesopelagic fish. The use of δ 13 C and fatty acid analyses can help to resolve this problem. The mesopelagic fish examined in this study were collected from the continental slope in the north of the South China Sea (SCS), and are compared with nearshore SCS fish and fish collected from the Southern Ocean. The unusually high lipid content of the mesopelagic fish resulted in ∆δ 13 C values (i.e., the difference in δ 13 C between unextracted and extracted tissues) exceeding 1‰, which is more than the enrichment factor in the food web. Thus, extraction of lipids was conducted prior to δ 13 C isotope analysis for the study of trophic interactions of mesopelagic fish.Compared with other fish, mesopelagic fish had high C18:1n-9/C18:1n-7 and C20:1n-9/ C18:1n-7 ratios, which confirms that plankton is the...

show abstract

The effect of acidification and the combined effects of acidification/lipid extraction on carbon stable isotope ratios for sub-arctic and arctic marine zooplankton species

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of pelagic zooplankton elucidate ecohydrographic features in the oligotrophic Red Sea

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of pelagic zooplankton elucidate ecohydrographic features in the oligotrophic Red Sea

Factors affecting the fatty acid composition of mesopelagic fish of the continental slope in the South China Sea

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