The effect of acetylcholine and eserine on the movement of Na+ across the corneal epithelium

Stevenson, R. W.; Wilson, William S.

doi:10.1016/0014-4835(75)90094-9

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Mammalian corneas contain extremely high levels of acetylcholine and its synthetic and degradative enzymes, ChAT and AchE, (see Marfurt, 1998, for review) ; however, most of the corneal cholinergic system is associated with the epithelial cells and is apparently independent of the corneal innervation (Gna/ dinger, Heiman and Markstein, 1973 ;Tervo, 1976). Several possible functions for corneal acetylcholine have been proposed, including, stimulation of corneal epithelial cell growth, proliferation, and wound healing (Cavanagh, 1975 ;Cavanagh and Colley, 1982), regulation of epithelial ion transport processes (Stevenson and Wilson, 1975 ;Pesin and Candia, 1982), and modulation of corneal sensory transduction mechanisms (Fitzgerald and Cooper, 1971 ;Tanelian, 1991). The extent, if any, to which the modest corneal parasympathetic nerve supply demonstrated here contributes to these cholinergic processes is unknown.…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Rat Cornea

Marfurt

Jones

Thrasher

1998

Experimental Eye Research

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Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Rat Cornea

Marfurt

Jones

Thrasher

1998

Experimental Eye Research

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“…It is not known whether the source of this ACh is corneal epithelial cells or ciliary body. Stevenson and Wilson suggested that sodium ion movements in cornea may be influenced by epithelial ACh (30). It is well established that muscarinic receptor stimulation increases phosphatidylinositol turn-over in several tissues (31,32).…”

Section: Non-neuronal Functions Of Ach In Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic Systems and Multiple Cholinergic Receptors in Ocular Tissues

1985

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferases and cholinesterases occur in cornea, iris-ciliary body complex and retina of several vertebrates. In cornea, ACh may serve as a sensory transmitter as well as a local hormone, the function of which is not delineated. The function of ACh as the parasympathetic neurotransmitter at the iris and ciliary body is well established. The muscarinic receptors on the iris smooth muscle are similar to the muscarinic receptors (M2 type in two way classification) at other smooth muscles towards their interaction with agonists and antagonists. Binding studies using radiolabeled antagonists and their displacement by agonists indicate that muscarinic receptors in membranes of iris-ciliary body complex are heterogeneous indicating more than one subtype of muscrinic receptors. A subtype other than M2 receptors may occur at the presynaptic sites of parasympathetic nerves, which have yet to be investigated using specific agonists and antagonists. Cholinergic markers, choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, differ quantitatively and qualitatively in retinas of different species. However, amacrine cells are cholinergic in all vertebrate species. Although they make up 1% of retinal neurons, they influence the activity of a majority of ganglion cells. Cholinergic effects in ganglia are mediated through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Both of these types of cholinergic receptors are heterogeneous. They have yet to be investigated for their subtypes using specific agonists and antagonists. Although the role of cholinergic retinal neurons in the processing of visual information is not known, their input to ganglion cells generally increases the rate of spontaneous activity or the number of action potentials in light-evoked responses. Thus, the cholinergic input seems to modify the overall neuronal input to the ganglion cells from the receptive fields. Endothelial cells of blood vessels contain muscarinic receptors, which are activated by ACh to cause relaxation. Although retinal blood vessels provide recognizable characteristic signs in diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disease, no information is available on the muscarinic receptors of these vessels.

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“…ACh is probably involved in ion transport [Williams and Cooper, 1965;Stevenson and Wilson, 1975;Pesin and Candia, 1982]. Even less is known about the function of SP in the corneal nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance P Immunoreaction and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Cornea and Gasserian Ganglion

Tervo

Eränkö

et al. 1983

Ophthalmic Res

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Nerves showing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity or immunoreactivity for substance P (SP) were demonstrated in the human cornea. AChE-positive fibres were found in stromal nerve trunks from where they penetrated Bowman’s membrane and formed a basal epithelial plexus. Intraepithelial terminals arose from this network. SP immunoreactive nerve fibres showed similar architecture but were fewer Both SP immunoreaction and histochemical AChE reaction were demonstrated consecutively in the same tissue section cut from both human and rabbit cornea. Stromal nerve trunks were found to contain SP immunoreactive and AChE-positive nerve fibres. However, the AChE-positive fibres were much more frequent than those immunoreactive for SP. In the rabbit Gasserian ganglion all neurons showed AChE activity but only some 20% were SP positive. It is concluded that all the sensory trigeminal nerve fibres of the cornea show AChE activity but only a proportion of them contain SP-like material.

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The effect of acetylcholine and eserine on the movement of Na+ across the corneal epithelium

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Rat Cornea

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Rat Cornea

Cholinergic Systems and Multiple Cholinergic Receptors in Ocular Tissues

Substance P Immunoreaction and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Cornea and Gasserian Ganglion

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