The Effect of a Sublethal Temperature Elevation on the Structure of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Coral<i>Porites compressa</i>

Salerno, Jennifer L.; Reineman, Dan R.; Gates, Ruth D.; Rappé, Michael S.

doi:10.1155/2011/969173

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This could explain why this experiment did not see a bacterial community flux as observed in other studies [24,44]. Similar to our results, Salerno et al [47] found no systematic changes in the microbial community composition of Porites compressa as a result of a 6 day treatment of 18C above ambient summer temperature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Resistance to thermal stress in corals without changes in symbiont composition

2011

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Discovering how corals can adjust their thermal sensitivity in the context of global climate change is important in understanding the long-term persistence of coral reefs. In this study, we showed that short-term preconditioning to higher temperatures, 38C below the experimentally determined bleaching threshold, for a period of 10 days provides thermal tolerance for the symbiosis stability between the scleractinian coral, Acropora millepora and Symbiodinium. Based on genotypic analysis, our results indicate that the acclimatization of this coral species to thermal stress does not come down to simple changes in Symbiodinium and/or the bacterial communities that associate with reef-building corals. This suggests that the physiological plasticity of the host and/or symbiotic components appears to play an important role in responding to ocean warming. The further study of host and symbiont physiology, both of Symbiodinium and prokaryotes, is of paramount importance in the context of global climate change, as mechanisms for rapid holobiont acclimatization will become increasingly important to the long-standing persistence of coral reefs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Resistance to thermal stress in corals without changes in symbiont composition

2011

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“…These findings contrast with evidence suggesting that elevated sea surface temperature alone or its combination with other stressors (i.e., contact with macroalgae, nutrient enrichment) drive shifts in bacterial community composition or/and modulate alpha diversity in reef-building corals ( Bourne et al, 2008 ; Mouchka et al, 2010 ; Zaneveld et al, 2016 ; Grottoli et al, 2018 ; Maher et al, 2019 ). However, other studies demonstrated stability of microbiomes alpha and/or beta diversity following exposure of corals to high temperatures ( Salerno et al, 2011 ; Webster et al, 2016 ; Ziegler et al, 2017 ; McDevitt-Irwin et al, 2019 ; Rice et al, 2019b ), including species from the genus Porites . These discrepancies among studies indicate a high variability in coral thermal tolerance threshold and microbiome flexibility following changes in environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal Stress Interacts With Surgeonfish Feces to Increase Coral Susceptibility to Dysbiosis and Reduce Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2021

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Dysbiosis of coral microbiomes results from various biotic and environmental stressors, including interactions with important reef fishes which may act as vectors of opportunistic microbes via deposition of fecal material. Additionally, elevated sea surface temperatures have direct effects on coral microbiomes by promoting growth and virulence of opportunists and putative pathogens, thereby altering host immunity and health. However, interactions between these biotic and abiotic factors have yet to be evaluated. Here, we used a factorial experiment to investigate the combined effects of fecal pellet deposition by the widely distributed surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus and elevated sea surface temperatures on microbiomes associated with the reef-building coral Porites lobata. Our results showed that regardless of temperature, exposure of P. lobata to C. striatus feces increased alpha diversity, dispersion, and lead to a shift in microbial community composition – all indicative of microbial dysbiosis. Although elevated temperature did not result in significant changes in alpha and beta diversity, we noted an increasing number of differentially abundant taxa in corals exposed to both feces and thermal stress within the first 48h of the experiment. These included opportunistic microbial lineages and taxa closely related to potential coral pathogens (i.e., Vibrio vulnificus, Photobacterium rosenbergii). Some of these taxa were absent in controls but present in surgeonfish feces under both temperature regimes, suggesting mechanisms of microbial transmission and/or enrichment from fish feces to corals. Importantly, the impact to coral microbiomes by fish feces under higher temperatures appeared to inhibit wound healing in corals, as percentages of tissue recovery at the site of feces deposition were lower at 30°C compared to 26°C. Lower percentages of tissue recovery were associated with greater relative abundance of several bacterial lineages, with some of them found in surgeonfish feces (i.e., Rhodobacteraceae, Bdellovibrionaceae, Crocinitomicaceae). Our findings suggest that fish feces interact with elevated sea surface temperatures to favor microbial opportunism and enhance dysbiosis susceptibility in P. lobata. As the frequency and duration of thermal stress related events increase, the ability of coral microbiomes to recover from biotic stressors such as deposition of fish feces may be greatly affected, ultimately compromising coral health and resilience.

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“…Few studies include pre-bleaching samples, but if bacterial community composition was examined prior to visual signs of bleaching, microbiome changes preceded bleaching 64 . Heat stress that does not result in bleaching generally is associated with overall microbiome stability 65,66,[69][70][71][72] (Fig. 4).…”

Section: [H2] Warming Bleaching and Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral microbiome dynamics, functions and design in a changing world

2019

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Corals associate not only with dinoflagellates, which are their algal endosymbionts and which have been extensively studied over the past four decades, but also with a diversity of other microbes. The coral microbiome includes the dinoflagellates, viruses, fungi, archaea and bacteria, with knowledge of the last growing rapidly. This Review focuses on the bacterial members of the coral microbiome and draws parallels with better-studied microbiomes in other biological systems. We synthesize current understanding of spatial, temporal and host-specific patterns in coral-associated bacterial communities, the drivers shaping these patterns and the role of the microbiome in acclimatization and adaptation of the host to climate warming. We discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed to assist the future persistence of coral reefs and provide novel perspectives for the development of microbiome engineering and its implications for coral reef conservation and restoration.

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The Effect of a Sublethal Temperature Elevation on the Structure of Bacterial Communities Associated with the CoralPorites compressa

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Resistance to thermal stress in corals without changes in symbiont composition

Resistance to thermal stress in corals without changes in symbiont composition

Thermal Stress Interacts With Surgeonfish Feces to Increase Coral Susceptibility to Dysbiosis and Reduce Tissue Regeneration

Coral microbiome dynamics, functions and design in a changing world

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